Related papers: Energy, linear and angular momentum of light: what…
We have developed a scheme to measure the optical torque, exerted by a laser beam on a phase object, by measuring the orbital angular momentum of the transmitted beam. The experiment is a macroscopic simulation of a situation in optical…
We give an explicit and general description of the energy, linear momentum, angular momentum and boost momentum of a molecule to order $1/c^2$, where it necessary to take account of kinetic contributions made by the electrons and nuclei as…
In the realm of Continuum Physics, material bodies are realized as continous media and so-called extensive quantities, such as mass, momentum and energy, are monitored through the fields of their densities, which are related by balance laws…
This work considers the cospectral and arbitrary light emission of a moving source. The observed wavelengths of the emitted photons are described in term of kinematic and dynamical Doppler shifts in which the mass-energy relation plays a…
Dark matter is one of the pillars of the current standard model of structure formation: it is assumed to constitute most of the matter in the Universe. However, it can so far only be probed indirectly through its gravitational effects, and…
The problem of light waves interaction with charged particles becomes more and more complex starting with the case of plane waves, where the analytical solution is well known, to more natural, though more complicated situations which…
The asymmetry in the time delay for light rays propagating on opposite sides of a spinning body is analyzed. A frequency shift in the perceived signals is found. A practical procedure is proposed for evidencing the asymmetry, allowing for a…
The concept of angular momentum is ubiquitous to many areas of physics. In classical mechanics, a system may possess an angular momentum which can be either transverse (e.g., in a spinning wheel) or longitudinal (e.g., for a fluidic vortex)…
Quantum optics potentially offers an information channel from the Universe beyond the established ones of imaging and spectroscopy. All existing cameras and all spectrometers measure aspects of the first-order spatial and/or temporal…
This essay is an attempted to address, from a modern perspective, the motion of a particle. Quantum mechanically, motion consists of a series of localizations due to repeated interactions that, taken close to the limit of the continuum,…
The asymmetry in the time delay for light rays propagating on opposite sides of a spinning body is analyzed. A frequency shift in the perceived signals is found. A practical procedure is proposed for evidencing the asymmetry, allowing for a…
It is shown that the most important effects of special and general theory of relativity can be understood in a simple and straightforward way. The system of units in which the speed of light $c$ is the unit of velocity allows to cast all…
Correct and complete (to terms of $\vec{v} / c$ -- $\vec{v}$ is particle's velocity, $c$ is the speed of light) derivation of equation of motion for real dust particle under the action of electromagnetic radiation is derived. The effect of…
We observe thermal motions of ions, and molecules in water through light extinction, at the individual particle level. The motions appear as time dependent intensity variations, characterized through their averaged spectra. Theoretical…
In this chapter we review observations and techniques for measuring both bulk flows in prominences and prominence mass. Measuring these quantities is essential to development and testing of models discussed throughout this book. Prominence…
Energy transfer between quantum systems can either be achieved through an effective unitary interaction or through the generation of entanglement. This observation defines two types of energy exchange: unitary and correlation energy. Here…
The transverse beam pattern, usually observed in experiment, is a result of averaging the optical-frequency oscillations of the electromagnetic field distributed over the beam cross section. An analytical criterion is derived that these…
If isotropy of space and homogeneity of space and time are the valid laws of nature then one can show that velocity of any signal (whether it is light in a vacuum or in a medium or something having constant velocity in the rest frame of the…
It is currently believed that light quantum or the quantization of light energy is beyond classical physics and the picture of wave-particle duality, which was criticized by Einstein but attracted a number of experimental researches, is…
We have developed an undergraduate laboratory experiment to make independent measurements of the momentum and kinetic energy of relativistic electrons from a \beta -source. The momentum measurements are made with a magnetic spectrometer and…