Related papers: Energy, linear and angular momentum of light: what…
Current constraints on photon velocity variability are summarized and displayed in terms of an energy dependent vacuum refraction index. It is shown that the energy-momentum balance of high energy Compton scattering is very sensitive to the…
Light production by a radiation source is evaluated and reviewed as an important concept of physics from the Black-Body point of view. The mechanical equivalent of the lumen, the unit of perceived light, is explained and evaluated using…
The flux of angular momentum of electromagnetic field of an arbitrarily moving point charge is investigated. General equations are obtained for the transfer of angular momentum at arbitrary distance from the charge, and corresponding…
The expression for the total angular momentum carried by a laser optical vortex beam, splits, in the paraxial approximation, into two terms which seem to represent orbital and spin angular momentum respectively. There are, however, two very…
The relative brightnesses of standard candles have long been known to be potentially powerful probes of distance. The distance modulus, the difference between observed and absolute magnitudes, has been associated with the values of the…
Quantum weak measurement, measuring some observable quantities within the selected subensemble of the entire quantum ensemble, can produce many interesting results such as the superluminal phenomena. An outcome of such a measurement is the…
We review basic physics and novel types of optical angular momentum. We start with a theoretical overview of momentum and angular momentum properties of generic optical fields, and discuss methods for their experimental measurements. In…
Invoking Maxwell's classical electrodynamics in conjunction with expressions for the electromagnetic (EM) energy, momentum, force, and torque, we use a few simple examples to demonstrate the nature of linear and angular momentum exchange…
We consider the motion of a quantum particle whose position is measured in random places at random moments in time. We contrast this motion with the motion of a quantum particle in a potential which varies randomly in space and in time,…
In both the equations for matter and light wave propagation, the momentum of the electromagnetic fields Pe reflects the relevant em interaction. As a review of some applications of wave propagation properties, an optical experiment which…
Electromagnetic waves carry energy, linear momentum, and angular momentum. When light (or other electromagnetic radiation) interacts with material media, both energy and momentum are usually exchanged. The force and torque experienced by…
In addition to energy, light carries linear and angular momentum. These are key quantities in rapidly developing optics research and in technologies focusing on light induced forces and torques on materials. Spin angular momentum (SAM)…
In the standard model of particle physics, photons are mass-less particles with a particular dispersion relation. Tests of this claim at different scales are both interesting and important. Experiments in territory labs and several…
Power-meter measurements are used to study a model that accounts for the use of power by a cyclist. The focus is on relations between rates of change of model quantities, such as power and speed, both in the context of partial derivatives,…
The light front densities of momentum, angular momentum, and intrinsic pressure are calculated for the photon, both in the free case and at leading order in quantum electrodynamics. In the latter case, we moreover decompose the form factors…
Photons carry linear momentum, and spin angular momentum when circularly or elliptically polarized. During light-matter interaction, transfer of linear momentum leads to optical forces, while angular momentum transfer induces optical…
The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light is potentially interesting for astronomical study of rotating objects such as black holes, but the effect of reduced spatial coherence of astronomical light sources such as stars is largely…
The recent demonstration of electron vortex beams has opened up the new possibility of studying orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the interaction between electron beams and matter. To this aim, methods to analyze the OAM of an electron beam…
Clocks in different heights or with different velocities run with different speeds. For global positioning systems these effects are much too large to be ignored. Nevertheless, in classical and quantum mechanics we get high accuracy using a…
The angular momentum of radiation from an arbitrarily moving relativistic charge is studied. The angular momentum is presented as the sum of the angular momentum relative to the point where the charge is located at a retarded moment of time…