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Decoding algorithms are essential to fault-tolerant quantum-computing architectures. In this perspective we explore decoding algorithms for the surface code; a prototypical quantum low-density parity-check code that underlies many of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-29 Benjamin J. Brown

We present a novel optimization-based decoding algorithm for LDPC codes that is suitable for hardware architectures specialized to feed-forward neural networks. The algorithm is based on the projected gradient descent algorithm with a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-16 Tadashi Wadayama , Satoshi Takabe

Recent developments have shown the existence of quantum low-density parity check (qLDPC) codes with constant rate and linear distance. A natural question concerns the efficient decodability of these codes. In this paper, we present a linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Shouzhen Gu , Christopher A. Pattison , Eugene Tang

Recent years have seen rapid development in the subject of quantum coding theory, with breakthroughs on many exciting classes of codes, including quantum LDPC codes, quantum locally testable codes, and quantum codes with interesting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Adam Wills , Ting-Chun Lin , Rachel Yun Zhang , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

Fault-tolerant quantum computing will require error rates far below those achievable with physical qubits. Quantum error correction (QEC) bridges this gap, but depends on decoders being simultaneously fast, accurate, and scalable. This…

In this paper, we will present an analysis on the fault erasure BP decoders based on the density evolution. In the fault BP decoder, messages exchanged in a BP process are stochastically corrupted due to unreliable logic gates and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-12-21 Hiroki Mori , Tadashi Wadayama

Utilizing present and futuristic Quantum Computers to solve difficult problems in different domains has become one of the main endeavors at this moment. Of course, in arriving at the requisite solution both quantum and classical computers…

The decoding of error syndromes of surface codes with classical algorithms may slow down quantum computation. To overcome this problem it is possible to implement decoding algorithms based on artificial neural networks. This work reports a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Simone Bordoni , Stefano Giagu

Efficient decoding is crucial to high-throughput and power-sensitive wireless communication scenarios. A theoretical analysis of the performance-complexity tradeoff toward low-complexity decoding is required for a better understanding of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Qingqing Peng , Dawei Yin , Dongxu Chang , Yuan Li , Huazi Zhang , Guiying Yan , Guanghui Wang

Polar codes have promising error-correction capabilities. Yet, decoding polar codes is often challenging, particularly with large blocks, with recently proposed decoders based on list-decoding or neural-decoding. The former applies multiple…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Tomer Raviv , Alon Goldman , Ofek Vayner , Yair Be'ery , Nir Shlezinger

Quantum error correction (QEC) enables reliable computation on noisy hardware by encoding logical information across many physical qubits and periodically measuring parities to detect errors. A decoder is the classical algorithm that uses…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Abtin Molavi , Feras Saad , Aws Albarghouthi

In decoding linear block codes, it was shown that noticeable reliability gains can be achieved by introducing learnable parameters to the Belief Propagation (BP) decoder. Despite the success of these methods, there are two key open…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Sravan Kumar Ankireddy , Hyeji Kim

Linear Programming (LP) decoding of Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes has attracted much attention in the research community in the past few years. The aim of LP decoding is to develop an algorithm which has error-correcting performance…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-10-05 Mayur Punekar , Mark F. Flanagan

In this work we probe the impact of channel estimation on the performance of quantum LDPC codes. Our channel estimation is based on an optimal estimate of the relevant decoherence parameter via its quantum Fisher information. Using…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-02-03 Yixuan Xie , Jun Li , Robert Malaney , Jinhong Yuan

The development of practical, high-performance decoding algorithms reduces the resource cost of fault-tolerant quantum computing. Here we propose a decoder for the surface code that finds low-weight correction operators for errors produced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-19 Asmae Benhemou , Kaavya Sahay , Lingling Lao , Benjamin J. Brown

Error correction is a significant step in postprocessing of continuous-variable quantum key distribution system, which is used to make two distant legitimate parties share identical corrected keys. We propose an experiment demonstration of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-17 Xiangyu Wang , Yi-Chen Zhang , Song Yu , Hong Guo

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for achieving low error rates required for fault-tolerant quantum computation. In stabilizer-based codes such as the surface code, errors are inferred from repeated syndrome measurements and…

Classical low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are a widely deployed and well-established technology, forming the backbone of modern communication and storage systems. It is well known that, in this classical setting, increasing the girth…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Kenta Kasai

Bit-Flipping (BF) decoders are a family of decoders widely employed in post-quantum cryptographic schemes based on Quasi-Cyclic Moderate-Density Parity-Check (QC-MDPC) codes, such as BIKE. BF decoders suffer from trapping sets,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Alessio Baldelli , Marco Baldi , Davide De Zuane , Paolo Santini

The goal of the paper is to study specific properties of nonbinary low-density parity-check (NB LDPC) codes when used in coded modulation systems. The paper is focused on the practically important NB LDPC codes over extensions of the Galois…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Irina E. Bocharova , Boris D. Kudryashov , Evgenii P. Ovsyannikov , Vitaly Skachek