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To understand the black-box characteristics of deep networks, counterfactual explanation that deduces not only the important features of an input space but also how those features should be modified to classify input as a target class has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Hong-Gyu Jung , Sin-Han Kang , Hee-Dong Kim , Dong-Ok Won , Seong-Whan Lee

This study focuses on the problem of credit default prediction, builds a modeling framework based on machine learning, and conducts comparative experiments on a variety of mainstream classification algorithms. Through preprocessing, feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Shiqi Yang , Ziyi Huang , Wengran Xiao , Xinyu Shen

The widespread use of machine learning in credit scoring has brought significant advancements in risk assessment and decision-making. However, it has also raised concerns about potential biases, discrimination, and lack of transparency in…

Counterfactual Explanations are becoming a de-facto standard in post-hoc interpretable machine learning. For a given classifier and an instance classified in an undesired class, its counterfactual explanation corresponds to small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Veronica Piccialli , Dolores Romero Morales , Cecilia Salvatore

As machine learning algorithms are increasingly applied to high impact yet high risk tasks, such as medical diagnosis or autonomous driving, it is critical that researchers can explain how such algorithms arrived at their predictions. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Ruth Fong , Andrea Vedaldi

Explaining the behavior of black box machine learning models through human interpretable rules is an important research area. Recent work has focused on explaining model behavior locally i.e. for specific predictions as well as globally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Sukriti Verma , Nikaash Puri , Piyush Gupta , Balaji Krishnamurthy

The credit scoring industry has a long tradition of using statistical tools for loan default probability prediction and domain specific standards have been established long before the hype of machine learning. Although several commercial…

Computation · Statistics 2020-07-03 Gero Szepannek

After building a classifier with modern tools of machine learning we typically have a black box at hand that is able to predict well for unseen data. Thus, we get an answer to the question what is the most likely label of a given unseen…

We propose Black Box Explanations through Transparent Approximations (BETA), a novel model agnostic framework for explaining the behavior of any black-box classifier by simultaneously optimizing for fidelity to the original model and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-06 Himabindu Lakkaraju , Ece Kamar , Rich Caruana , Jure Leskovec

There is a rich and growing literature on producing local contrastive/counterfactual explanations for black-box models (e.g. neural networks). In these methods, for an input, an explanation is in the form of a contrast point differing in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Tejaswini Pedapati , Avinash Balakrishnan , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Amit Dhurandhar

The use of deep neural networks to make high risk decisions creates a need for global and local explanations so that users and experts have confidence in the modeling algorithms. We introduce a novel technique to find global and local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Xochitl Watts , Freddy Lecue

The credit scoring risk management is a fast growing field due to consumer's credit requests. Credit requests, of new and existing customers, are often evaluated by classical discrimination rules based on customers information. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-12-27 Farid Beninel , Waad Bouaguel , Ghazi Belmufti

As machine learning methods see greater adoption and implementation in high stakes applications such as medical image diagnosis, the need for model interpretability and explanation has become more critical. Classical approaches that assess…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Sumedha Singla , Brian Pollack , Junxiang Chen , Kayhan Batmanghelich

In recent years, a number of artificial intelligent services have been developed such as defect detection system or diagnosis system for customer services. Unfortunately, the core in these services is a black-box in which human cannot…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Jaedeok Kim , Jingoo Seo

We propose a BlackBox Counterfactual Explainer, designed to explain image classification models for medical applications. Classical approaches (e.g., saliency maps) that assess feature importance do not explain "how" imaging features in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Sumedha Singla , Motahhare Eslami , Brian Pollack , Stephen Wallace , Kayhan Batmanghelich

Automatic credit scoring, which assesses the probability of default by loan applicants, plays a vital role in peer-to-peer lending platforms to reduce the risk of lenders. Although it has been demonstrated that dynamic selection techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Mahsan Abdoli , Mohammad Akbari , Jamal Shahrabi

We consider learning to optimize a classification metric defined by a black-box function of the confusion matrix. Such black-box learning settings are ubiquitous, for example, when the learner only has query access to the metric of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Gaurush Hiranandani , Jatin Mathur , Harikrishna Narasimhan , Mahdi Milani Fard , Oluwasanmi Koyejo

The financial industry faces a significant challenge modeling and risk portfolios: balancing the predictability of advanced machine learning models, neural network models, and explainability required by regulatory entities (such as Office…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Rongbin Ye , Jiaqi Chen

The widespread adoption of black-box models in Artificial Intelligence has enhanced the need for explanation methods to reveal how these obscure models reach specific decisions. Retrieving explanations is fundamental to unveil possible…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Francesco Bodria , Fosca Giannotti , Riccardo Guidotti , Francesca Naretto , Dino Pedreschi , Salvatore Rinzivillo

The increasing use of deep learning across various domains highlights the importance of understanding the decision-making processes of these black-box models. Recent research focusing on the decision boundaries of deep classifiers, relies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Inês Gomes , Luís F. Teixeira , Jan N. van Rijn , Carlos Soares , André Restivo , Luís Cunha , Moisés Santos