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Many complex questions in biology, physics, and mathematics can be mapped to the graph isomorphism problem and the closely related graph automorphism problem. In particular, these problems appear in the context of network visualization,…
The objective of this article is to formalize the definition of NP problems. We construct a mathematical model of discrete problems as independence systems with weighted elements. We introduce two auxiliary sets that characterize the…
In this paper, we consider an NP-hard problem of scheduling a set of jobs of equal processing time on two machines, given a partial precedence order on the set of jobs, with an objective to minimize the makespan. An approximation algorithm…
We give efficient algorithms for finding power-sum decomposition of an input polynomial $P(x)= \sum_{i\leq m} p_i(x)^d$ with component $p_i$s. The case of linear $p_i$s is equivalent to the well-studied tensor decomposition problem while…
The purpose of this note is to survey a methodology to solve systems of polynomial equations and inequalities. The techniques we discuss use the algebra of multivariate polynomials with coefficients over a field to create large-scale linear…
Optimization problems frequently appear in any scientific domain. Most of the times, the corresponding decision problem turns out to be NP-hard, and in these cases genetic algorithms are often used to obtain approximated solutions. However,…
Many problems are NP-hard and, unless P = NP, do not admit polynomial-time exact algorithms. The fastest known exact algorithms exactly usually take time exponential in the input size. Much research effort has gone into obtaining faster…
In this paper we propose a new approach for developing a proof that P=NP. We propose to use a polynomial-time reduction of a NP-complete problem to Linear Programming. Earlier such attempts used polynomial-time transformation which is a…
Complexity theory can be viewed as the study of the relationship between computation and applications, understood the former as complexity classes and the latter as problems. Completeness results are clearly central to that view. Many…
The partition problem is a well-known basic NP-complete problem. We mainly consider the optimization version of it in this paper. The problem has been investigated from various perspectives for a long time and can be solved efficiently in…
This document contains notes based on lectures given by Hendrik Lenstra at the PCMI summer school 2022. There are many problems in algebraic number theory which one would like to solve algorithmically, for example computation of the maximal…
We study a scheduling problem in which jobs may be split into parts, where the parts of a split job may be processed simultaneously on more than one machine. Each part of a job requires a setup time, however, on the machine where the job…
Given a set (or multiset) S of n numbers and a target number t, the subset sum problem is to decide if there is a subset of S that sums up to t. There are several methods for solving this problem, including exhaustive search,…
The question if a given partial solution to a problem can be extended reasonably occurs in many algorithmic approaches for optimization problems. For instance, when enumerating minimal dominating sets of a graph $G=(V,E)$, one usually…
State minimization of combinatorial filters is a fundamental problem that arises, for example, in building cheap, resource-efficient robots. But exact minimization is known to be NP-hard. This paper conducts a more nuanced analysis of this…
We study the problem of finding solutions to the stable matching problem that are robust to errors in the input and we obtain a polynomial time algorithm for a special class of errors. In the process, we also initiate work on a new…
We develop a complexity theory for approximate real computations. We first produce a theory for exact computations but with condition numbers. The input size depends on a condition number, which is not assumed known by the machine. The…
By assuming some widely-believed arithmetic conjectures, we show that the task of accepting a number that is representable as a sum of $d\geq2$ squares subjected to given congruence conditions is NP-complete. On the other hand, we develop…
In this paper we study the problem of maximizing the distance to a given point over an intersection of balls. It was already known that this problem can be solved in polynomial time and space if the given point is not in the convex hull of…
Given a multiset $S$ of $n$ positive integers and a target integer $t$, the Subset Sum problem asks to determine whether there exists a subset of $S$ that sums up to $t$. The current best deterministic algorithm, by Koiliaris and Xu…