Related papers: Fluctuations in small systems
Effects caused by the event-by-event fluctuation of the initial conditions in hydrodynamical description of high-energy heavy-ion collisions are investigated. Non-negligible effects appear for several observable quantities, even for a fixed…
The fluctuations of the atom number between a Bose-Einstein condensate and the surrounding thermal gas have been the subject of a long standing theoretical debate. This discussion is centered around the appropriate thermodynamic ensemble to…
Non-statistical event-by-event fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions have been proposed as a probe of the phase transition of hadronic matter to a deconfined phase of quarks and gluons, the so-called Quark-Gluon Plasma. In a…
Motivated by forthcoming experiments at RHIC and LHC, and results from SPS, a review is given of the present state of event-by-event fluctuations in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. Fluctuations in particle multiplicities, ratios,…
The event-by-event dynamical fluctuations in kaon-to-proton and proton-to-pion ratios have been studied in dependence on center--of--mass energies of nucleon--nucleon collisions $\sqrt{s}$. Based on changing phase space volume which…
We apply dynamical string models of heavy-ions collisions at high energies to the analysis of event-by-event fluctuations. Main attention is devoted to a new variable proposed to study "equilibration" in heavy-ions collisions. Recent…
Quantum features of the baryon number fluctuations in subsystems of a hot and dense relativistic gas of fermions are analyzed. We find that the fluctuations in small systems are significantly increased compared to their values known from…
The dynamic separation into phases of high and low baryon density in a heavy ion collision can enhance fluctuations of the net rapidity density of baryons compared to model expectations. We demonstrate that event-by-event proton and…
Event-by-event observables are compared with conventional inclusive measurements. We find that moments of event-by-event fluctuations are closely related to inclusive correlation functions. Implications for upcomming heavy ion experiments…
The effect of limiting the acceptance in rapidity on event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations in nucleus-nucleus collisions has been investigated. Our analysis shows that the multiplicity fluctuations decrease when the rapidity acceptance…
Predictions on fluctuations of hadron production properties in central heavy ion collisions are presented. They are based on the Statistical Model of the Early Stage and extend previously published results by considering the strongly…
We review the phenomenology and theory of bulk observables in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, focussing on recent developments involving event-by-event fluctuations in the initial stages of a heavy ion collision, and how they…
Hadron spectra and elliptic flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions are studied within a (3+1)D ideal hydrodynamic model with fluctuating initial conditions given by the AMPT Monte Carlo model. Results from event-by-event simulations are…
Event-by-event fluctuations in the multiplicities of charged particles and photons at SPS energies are discussed. Fluctuations are studied by controlling the centrality of the reaction and rapidity acceptance of the detectors. Results are…
We discuss recently measured event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. It is shown that the non-monotonic behavior of the multiplicity fluctuations as a function of collision centrality can be fully…
In the scattering of a small onium off a large nucleus at high center-of-mass energies, when the parameters are set in such a way that the cross section at fixed impact parameter is small, events are triggered by rare partonic fluctuations…
Bulk fluctuations of conserved charges measured by event-by-event analysis in relativistic heavy ion collisions are observables which are believed to carry significant amount of information on the hot medium created by the collisions.…
We show effects of the event-by-event fluctuation of the initial conditions (IC) in hydrodynamic description of high-energy nuclear collisions on some observables. Such IC produce not only fluctuations in observables but, due to their bumpy…
Event-by-event fluctuations in the initial conditions for a hydrodynamical description of heavy-ion collisions are characterized. We propose a Bessel-Fourier decomposition with respect to the azimuthal angle, the radius in the transverse…
A comparison is made between results obtained using smooth initial conditions and event-by-event initial conditions in the hydrodynamical description of relativistic nuclear collisions. Some new results on directed flow are also included.