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We propose definitions of fairness in machine learning and artificial intelligence systems that are informed by the framework of intersectionality, a critical lens arising from the Humanities literature which analyzes how interlocking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-11 James Foulds , Rashidul Islam , Kamrun Naher Keya , Shimei Pan

Machine learning algorithms are extensively used to make increasingly more consequential decisions about people, so achieving optimal predictive performance can no longer be the only focus. A particularly important consideration is fairness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Giulio Morina , Viktoriia Oliinyk , Julian Waton , Ines Marusic , Konstantinos Georgatzis

The widespread adoption of Machine Learning systems, especially in more decision-critical applications such as criminal sentencing and bank loans, has led to increased concerns about fairness implications. Algorithms and metrics have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Usman Gohar , Lu Cheng

We address the critical issue of biased algorithms and unfair rankings, which have permeated various sectors, including search engines, recommendation systems, and workforce management. These biases can lead to discriminatory outcomes in a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Chiara Criscuolo , Davide Martinenghi , Giuseppe Piccirillo

Machine Learning or Artificial Intelligence algorithms have gained considerable scrutiny in recent times owing to their propensity towards imitating and amplifying existing prejudices in society. This has led to a niche but growing body of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Avijit Ghosh , Lea Genuit , Mary Reagan

Intersectionality is a critical framework that, through inquiry and praxis, allows us to examine how social inequalities persist through domains of structure and discipline. Given AI fairness' raison d'etre of "fairness", we argue that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Anaelia Ovalle , Arjun Subramonian , Vagrant Gautam , Gilbert Gee , Kai-Wei Chang

Discrimination in machine learning often arises along multiple dimensions (a.k.a. protected attributes); it is then desirable to ensure \emph{intersectional fairness} -- i.e., that no subgroup is discriminated against. It is known that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-27 Mathieu Molina , Patrick Loiseau

AI-driven decision-making can lead to discrimination against certain individuals or social groups based on protected characteristics/attributes such as race, gender, or age. The domain of fairness-aware machine learning focuses on methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Arjun Roy , Jan Horstmann , Eirini Ntoutsi

Fairness in machine learning research is commonly framed in the context of classification tasks, leaving critical gaps in regression. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to measure intersectional fairness in regression tasks, going…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Joe Germino , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh V. Chawla

The issue of fairness in AI has received an increasing amount of attention in recent years. The problem can be approached by looking at different protected attributes (e.g., ethnicity, gender, etc) independently, but fairness for individual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Giulio Filippi , Sara Zannone , Adriano Koshiyama

A yet unmet challenge in algorithmic fairness is the problem of intersectionality, that is, achieving fairness across the intersection of multiple groups -- and verifying that such fairness has been attained. Because intersectional groups…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Johannes Himmelreich , Arbie Hsu , Kristian Lum , Ellen Veomett

The wide adoption of AI decision-making systems in critical domains such as criminal justice, loan approval, and hiring processes has heightened concerns about algorithmic fairness. As we often only have access to the output of algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Saeyoung Rho , Junzhe Zhang , Elias Bareinboim

Research in machine learning fairness has historically considered a single binary demographic attribute; however, the reality is of course far more complicated. In this work, we grapple with questions that arise along three stages of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Angelina Wang , Vikram V. Ramaswamy , Olga Russakovsky

Machine learning based systems are reaching society at large and in many aspects of everyday life. This phenomenon has been accompanied by concerns about the ethical issues that may arise from the adoption of these technologies. ML fairness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Luca Oneto , Silvia Chiappa

The deployment of Artificial Intelligence in high-risk domains, such as finance and healthcare, necessitates models that are both fair and transparent. While regulatory frameworks, including the EU's AI Act, mandate bias mitigation, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Jiří Němeček , Mark Kozdoba , Illia Kryvoviaz , Tomáš Pevný , Jakub Mareček

Machine learning models have achieved widespread success but often inherit and amplify historical biases, resulting in unfair outcomes. Traditional fairness methods typically impose constraints at the prediction level, without addressing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Enze Shi , Pankaj Bhagwat , Zhixian Yang , Linglong Kong , Bei Jiang

Any decision, such as one about who to hire, involves two components. First, a rational component, i.e., they have a good education, they speak clearly. Second, an affective component, based on observables such as visual features of race…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Jesse Hoey , Gabrielle Chan

In this paper we propose a causal modeling approach to intersectional fairness, and a flexible, task-specific method for computing intersectionally fair rankings. Rankings are used in many contexts, ranging from Web search results to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Ke Yang , Joshua R. Loftus , Julia Stoyanovich

We offer a graphical interpretation of unfairness in a dataset as the presence of an unfair causal path in the causal Bayesian network representing the data-generation mechanism. We use this viewpoint to revisit the recent debate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-16 Silvia Chiappa , William S. Isaac

The idea of intersectionality has become a frequent topic of discussion both in academic sociology, as well as among popular movements for social justice such as Black Lives Matter, intersectional feminism, and LGBT rights.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-10-26 Thomas F. Varley , Patrick Kaminski
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