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Related papers: Pacing Equilibrium in First-Price Auction Markets

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Budget constraints are ubiquitous in online advertisement auctions. To manage these constraints and smooth out the expenditure across auctions, the bidders (or the platform on behalf of them) often employ pacing: each bidder is assigned a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Xi Chen , Christian Kroer , Rachitesh Kumar

Learning to bid in repeated first-price auctions is a fundamental problem at the interface of game theory and machine learning, which has seen a recent surge in interest due to the transition of display advertising to first-price auctions.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Rachitesh Kumar , Jon Schneider , Balasubramanian Sivan

We consider a setting in which bidders participate in multiple auctions run by different sellers, and optimize their bids for the \emph{aggregate} auction. We analyze this setting by formulating a game between sellers, where a seller's…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-20 Renato Paes Leme , Balasubramanian Sivan , Yifeng Teng

First-price auctions have largely replaced traditional bidding approaches based on Vickrey auctions in programmatic advertising. As far as learning is concerned, first-price auctions are more challenging because the optimal bidding strategy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Juliette Achddou , Olivier Cappé , Aurélien Garivier

Many popular search engines run an auction to determine the placement of advertisements next to search results. Current auctions at Google and Yahoo! let advertisers specify a single amount as their bid in the auction. This bid is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Gagan Aggarwal , S. Muthukrishnan , Jon Feldman

In this paper, we study the problem of learning to bid in repeated first-price auctions with budget constraints. In each period, the decision maker needs to submit a bid to win the auction and maximize the total collected reward, subject to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Zeng Fu , Jiashuo Jiang , Yuan Zhou

Budget-management systems are one of the key components of modern auction markets. Internet advertising platforms typically offer advertisers the possibility to pace the rate at which their budget is depleted, through budget-pacing…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Andrea Celli , Riccardo Colini-Baldeschi , Christian Kroer , Eric Sodomka

We study how a budget-constrained bidder should learn to adaptively bid in repeated first-price auctions to maximize her cumulative payoff. This problem arose due to an industry-wide shift from second-price auctions to first-price auctions…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yige Wang , Jiashuo Jiang

The transition of display ad exchanges from second-price auctions (SPA) to first-price auctions (FPA) has raised questions about its impact on revenue. Auction theory predicts the revenue equivalence between these two auction formats.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Martin Bichler , Alok Gupta , Matthias Oberlechner

We study a game played between advertisers in an online ad platform. The platform sells ad impressions by first-price auction and provides autobidding algorithms that optimize bids on each advertiser's behalf, subject to advertiser…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Yiding Feng , Brendan Lucier , Aleksandrs Slivkins

First-price auctions have recently gained significant traction in digital advertising markets, exemplified by Google's transition from second-price to first-price auctions. Unlike in second-price auctions, where bidding one's private…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zihao Hu , Xiaoyu Fan , Yuan Yao , Jiheng Zhang , Zhengyuan Zhou

In online ad markets, a rising number of advertisers are employing bidding agencies to participate in ad auctions. These agencies are specialized in designing online algorithms and bidding on behalf of their clients. Typically, an agency…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Yurong Chen , Qian Wang , Zhijian Duan , Haoran Sun , Zhaohua Chen , Xiang Yan , Xiaotie Deng

We study a game between autobidding algorithms that compete in an online advertising platform. Each autobidder is tasked with maximizing its advertiser's total value over multiple rounds of a repeated auction, subject to budget and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Brendan Lucier , Sarath Pattathil , Aleksandrs Slivkins , Mengxiao Zhang

We study the optimal placement of advertisements for interactive platforms like conversational AI assistants. Importantly, conversations add a feature absent in canonical search markets -- time. The evolution of a conversation is…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-02-06 Martino Banchio , Aranyak Mehta , Andres Perlroth

Automated bidding, an emerging intelligent decision making paradigm powered by machine learning, has become popular in online advertising. Advertisers in automated bidding evaluate the cumulative utilities and have private financial…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Yidan Xing , Zhilin Zhang , Zhenzhe Zheng , Chuan Yu , Jian Xu , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

Auction is applied for trade with various mechanisms. A simple but practical question is which mechanism, typically first-price or second-price auctions, is preferred from the perspective of bidders or sellers. A celebrated answer is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yuma Fujimoto , Kaito Ariu , Kenshi Abe

In practice, most auction mechanisms are not strategy-proof, so equilibrium analysis is required to predict bidding behavior. In many auctions, though, an exact equilibrium is not known and one would like to understand whether -- manually…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Fabian R. Pieroth , Tuomas Sandholm

We study the efficiency of simple combinatorial auctions for the allocation of a set of items to a set of agents, with private subadditive valuation functions and budget constraints. The class we consider includes all auctions that allocate…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Alexandros A. Voudouris

We study regret minimization in repeated first-price auctions (FPAs), where a bidder observes only the realized outcome after each auction -- win or loss. This setup reflects practical scenarios in online display advertising where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yuxiao Wen , Yanjun Han , Zhengyuan Zhou

We study the optimal behavior of a bidder in a real-time auction subject to the requirement that a specified collections of heterogeneous items be acquired within given time constraints. The problem facing this bidder is cast as a…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Ryan J. Kinnear , Ravi R. Mazumdar , Peter Marbach