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Continual learning, or lifelong learning, is a formidable current challenge to machine learning. It requires the learner to solve a sequence of $k$ different learning tasks, one after the other, while retaining its aptitude for earlier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Xi Chen , Christos Papadimitriou , Binghui Peng

The problem of catastrophic forgetting occurs in deep learning models trained on multiple databases in a sequential manner. Recently, generative replay mechanisms (GRM), have been proposed to reproduce previously learned knowledge aiming to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Fei Ye , Adrian G. Bors

Learning user representations is a vital technique toward effective user modeling and personalized recommender systems. Existing approaches often derive an individual set of model parameters for each task by training on separate data.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Fajie Yuan , Guoxiao Zhang , Alexandros Karatzoglou , Joemon Jose , Beibei Kong , Yudong Li

Continual learning is a key feature of biological neural systems, but artificial neural networks often suffer from catastrophic forgetting. Instead of backpropagation, biologically plausible learning algorithms may enable stable continual…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Denis Larionov , Nikolay Bazenkov , Mikhail Kiselev

Sequential learning in physical networks is hindered by catastrophic forgetting, where training a new task erases solutions to earlier ones. We show that we can significantly enhance memory of previous tasks by introducing a hard threshold…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-12-04 Purba Chatterjee , Marcelo Guzman , Andrea J. Liu

Catastrophic forgetting is a problem of neural networks that loses the information of the first task after training the second task. Here, we propose a method, i.e. incremental moment matching (IMM), to resolve this problem. IMM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Sang-Woo Lee , Jin-Hwa Kim , Jaehyun Jun , Jung-Woo Ha , Byoung-Tak Zhang

Artificial neural networks often struggle with catastrophic forgetting when learning multiple tasks sequentially, as training on new tasks degrades the performance on previously learned tasks. Recent theoretical work has addressed this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Francesco Mori , Stefano Sarao Mannelli , Francesca Mignacco

Catastrophic forgetting (CF) poses a persistent challenge in continual learning (CL), especially within federated learning (FL) environments characterized by non-i.i.d. time series data. While existing research has largely focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Khaled Hallak , Oudom Kem

When an agent acquires new information, ideally it would immediately be capable of using that information to understand its environment. This is not possible using conventional deep neural networks, which suffer from catastrophic forgetting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Tyler L. Hayes , Christopher Kanan

Lifelong learning in artificial intelligence (AI) aims to mimic the biological brain's ability to continuously learn and retain knowledge, yet it faces challenges such as catastrophic forgetting. Recent neuroscience research suggests that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Jin Du , Xinhe Zhang , Hao Shen , Xun Xian , Ganghua Wang , Jiawei Zhang , Yuhong Yang , Na Li , Jia Liu , Jie Ding

Retentive Network (RetNet) represents a significant advancement in neural network architecture, offering an efficient alternative to the Transformer. While Transformers rely on self-attention to model dependencies, they suffer from high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Haiqi Yang , Zhiyuan Li , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

In the scenario of class-incremental learning (CIL), deep neural networks have to adapt their model parameters to non-stationary data distributions, e.g., the emergence of new classes over time. However, CIL models are challenged by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Depeng Li , Zhigang Zeng

One notable weakness of current machine learning algorithms is the poor ability of models to solve new problems without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. The Continual Learning paradigm has emerged as a protocol to systematically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Heinke Hihn , Daniel A. Braun

The rapid advancement of generative models has empowered modern AI systems to comprehend and produce highly sophisticated content, even achieving human-level performance in specific domains. However, these models are fundamentally…

Learning a set of tasks over time, also known as continual learning (CL), is one of the most challenging problems in artificial intelligence. While recent approaches achieve some degree of CL in deep neural networks, they either (1) grow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-15 Blake Camp , Jaya Krishna Mandivarapu , Rolando Estrada

While humans excel at continual learning (CL), deep neural networks (DNNs) exhibit catastrophic forgetting. A salient feature of the brain that allows effective CL is that it utilizes multiple modalities for learning and inference, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Fahad Sarfraz , Bahram Zonooz , Elahe Arani

Humans and most animals can learn new tasks without forgetting old ones. However, training artificial neural networks (ANNs) on new tasks typically cause it to forget previously learned tasks. This phenomenon is the result of "catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Nicolas Y. Masse , Gregory D. Grant , David J. Freedman

Many real-world applications require machine-learning models to be able to deal with non-stationary data distributions and thus learn autonomously over an extended period of time, often in an online setting. One of the main challenges in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Giuseppe Serra , Ben Werner , Florian Buettner

Lifelong learning (LL) aims to improve a predictive model as the data source evolves continuously. Most work in this learning paradigm has focused on resolving the problem of 'catastrophic forgetting,' which refers to a notorious dilemma…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Jinghan Jia , Yihua Zhang , Dogyoon Song , Sijia Liu , Alfred Hero

Given the recent success of Deep Learning applied to a variety of single tasks, it is natural to consider more human-realistic settings. Perhaps the most difficult of these settings is that of continual lifelong learning, where the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-21 Matthew Riemer , Tim Klinger , Djallel Bouneffouf , Michele Franceschini
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