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Uncertainty estimation is critical for numerous applications of deep neural networks and draws growing attention from researchers. Here, we demonstrate an uncertainty quantification approach for deep neural networks used in inverse problems…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Luzhe Huang , Jianing Li , Xiaofu Ding , Yijie Zhang , Hanlong Chen , Aydogan Ozcan

Neural networks (NNs) lack measures of "reliability" estimation that would enable reasoning over their predictions. Despite the vital importance, especially in areas of human well-being and health, state-of-the-art uncertainty estimation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Lorena Qendro , Jagmohan Chauhan , Alberto Gil C. P. Ramos , Cecilia Mascolo

Uncertainty estimation bears the potential to make deep learning (DL) systems more reliable. Standard techniques for uncertainty estimation, however, come along with specific combinations of strengths and weaknesses, e.g., with respect to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Joachim Sicking , Maram Akila , Jan David Schneider , Fabian Hüger , Peter Schlicht , Tim Wirtz , Stefan Wrobel

Safety is a central requirement for automated vehicles. As such, the assessment of risk in automated driving is key in supporting both motion planning technologies and safety evaluation. In automated driving, risk is characterized by two…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Leon Tolksdorf , Arturo Tejada , Jonas Bauernfeind , Christian Birkner , Nathan van de Wouw

Providing safety guarantees for autonomous systems is difficult as these systems operate in complex environments that require the use of learning-enabled components, such as deep neural networks (DNNs) for visual perception. DNNs are hard…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Corina Pasareanu , Ravi Mangal , Divya Gopinath , Huafeng Yu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have proven to be powerful predictors and are widely used for various tasks. Credible uncertainty estimation of their predictions, however, is crucial for their deployment in many risk-sensitive applications. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Ido Galil , Ran El-Yaniv

Reliable probability estimation is of crucial importance in many real-world applications where there is inherent (aleatoric) uncertainty. Probability-estimation models are trained on observed outcomes (e.g. whether it has rained or not, or…

In a world where more decisions are made using artificial intelligence, it is of utmost importance to ensure these decisions are well-grounded. Neural networks are the modern building blocks for artificial intelligence. Modern neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Mohamad Al Shaar , Nils Ekström , Gustav Gille , Reza Rezvan , Ivan Wely

Deep learning (DL) models have received particular attention in medical imaging due to their promising pattern recognition capabilities. However, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) require a huge amount of data, and because of the lack of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-27 Donya Khaledyan , AmirReza Tajally , Ali Sarkhosh , Afshar Shamsi , Hamzeh Asgharnezhad , Abbas Khosravi , Saeid Nahavandi

This paper explores the capability of deep neural networks to capture key characteristics of vehicle dynamics, and their ability to perform coupled longitudinal and lateral control of a vehicle. To this extent, two different artificial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Guillaume Devineau , Philip Polack , Florent Altché , Fabien Moutarde

Proper quantification of predictive uncertainty is essential for the use of machine learning in safety-critical applications. Various uncertainty measures have been proposed for this purpose, typically claiming superiority over other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Paul Hofman , Yusuf Sale , Eyke Hüllermeier

There is a growing body of research on developing testing techniques for Deep Neural Networks (DNN). We distinguish two general modes of testing for DNNs: Offline testing where DNNs are tested as individual units based on test datasets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Fitash Ul Haq , Donghwan Shin , Shiva Nejati , Lionel Briand

Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) is a key discipline for computational modeling of complex systems, enhancing reliability of engineering simulations. In crashworthiness, having an accurate assessment of the behavior of the model uncertainty…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-17 Marc Rocas , Alberto García-González , Sergio Zlotnik , Xabier Larráyoz , Pedro Díez

Deep neural networks (DNNs), are widely used in many industries such as image recognition, supply chain, medical diagnosis, and autonomous driving. However, prior work has shown the high accuracy of a DNN model does not imply high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Guanqin Zhang , Jiankun Sun , Feng Xu , H. M. N. Dilum Bandara , Shiping Chen , Yulei Sui , Tim Menzies

Traditional deep neural networks (NNs) have significantly contributed to the state-of-the-art performance in the task of classification under various application domains. However, NNs have not considered inherent uncertainty in data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Yibo Hu , Yuzhe Ou , Xujiang Zhao , Jin-Hee Cho , Feng Chen

When autonomous vehicles encounter untrained scenarios, ensuring safety hinges on effective safety verification to prevent accidents stemming from unexpected model decisions. Reachability analysis, a method of safety verification, offers…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-05 Lingxiang Fan , Linxuan He , Haoyuan Ji , Shuo Feng

While generative models have become increasingly prevalent across various domains, fundamental concerns regarding their reliability persist. A crucial yet understudied aspect of these models is the uncertainty quantification surrounding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Giorgio Morales , Frederic Jurie , Jalal Fadili

Despite the strong predictive performance of deep learning models for traffic prediction, their widespread deployment in real-world intelligent transportation systems has been restrained by a lack of interpretability. Uncertainty…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Alexander Timans , Nina Wiedemann , Nishant Kumar , Ye Hong , Martin Raubal

The high dynamics and heterogeneous interactions in the complicated urban systems have raised the issue of uncertainty quantification in spatiotemporal human mobility, to support critical decision-makings in risk-aware web applications such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Zhengyang Zhou , Yang Wang , Xike Xie , Lei Qiao , Yuantao Li

Safety is one of the most important development goals for highly automated driving (HAD) systems. This applies in particular to the perception function driven by Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). For these, large parts of the traditional safety…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Timo Sämann , Peter Schlicht , Fabian Hüger