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We use numerical relativity simulations to describe the spacetime evolution during nonlinear structure formation in $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. Fully nonlinear initial conditions are set at an initial redshift $z\approx 300$, based directly on…
The observed acceleration of the Universe can be explained by modifying general relativity. One such attempt is the nonlocal model of Deser and Woodard. Here we fix the background cosmology using results from the Planck satellite and…
We review the formalism and applications of non-linear perturbation theory (PT) to understanding the large-scale structure of the Universe. We first discuss the dynamics of gravitational instability, from the linear to the non-linear…
The large scale structure of the universe is a complex web of clusters, filaments, and voids. Its properties are informed by galaxy redshift surveys and measurements of peculiar velocities. Wiener Filter reconstructions recover…
These lectures deal with our current knowledge of the matter distribution in the universe, focusing on how this is studied via the large-scale structure seen in galaxy surveys. We first assemble the necessary basics needed to understand the…
Understanding the structure of the matter distribution in the Universe due to the action of the gravitational instability -- the cosmic web -- is complicated by lack of direct analytic access to the nonlinear domain of structure formation.…
The conventional cold, particle interpretation of dark matter (CDM) still lacks laboratory support and struggles with the basic properties of common dwarf galaxies, which have surprisingly uniform central masses and shallow density…
Cosmological perturbation theory is crucial for our understanding of the universe. The linear theory has been well understood for some time, however developing and applying the theory beyond linear order is currently at the forefront of…
This paper presents the preliminary results of the characterization of pattern evolution in the process of cosmic structure formation. We are applying on N-body cosmological simulations data the technique proposed by Rosa, Sharma & Valdivia…
We perform an analysis of the Cosmic Web as a complex network, which is built on a $\Lambda$CDM cosmological simulation. For each of nodes, which are in this case dark matter halos formed in the simulation, we compute 10 network metrics,…
Numerical simulations are a versatile tool providing insight into the complicated process of structure formation in cosmology. This process is mainly governed by gravity, which is the dominant force on large scales. To date, a century after…
Measuring the sum of the three active neutrino masses, $M_\nu$, is one of the most important challenges in modern cosmology. Massive neutrinos imprint characteristic signatures on several cosmological observables in particular on the…
Humans gain an implicit understanding of physical laws through observing and interacting with the world. Endowing an autonomous agent with an understanding of physical laws through experience and observation is seldom practical: we should…
A better understanding of the formation of large-scale structure in the Universe is arguably the most pressing question in cosmology. The most compelling and promising theoretical paradigm, Inflation + Cold Dark Matter, holds that the…
The Cold Dark Matter theory of gravitationally-driven hierarchical structure formation has earned its status as a paradigm by explaining the distribution of matter over large spans of cosmic distance and time. However, its central tenet,…
Observational Cosmology has indeed made very rapid progress in recent years. The ability to quantify the universe has largely improved due to observational constraints coming from structure formation Measurements of CMB anisotropy and, more…
Finding the initial conditions that led to the current state of the universe is challenging because it involves searching over an intractable input space of initial conditions, along with modeling their evolution via tools such as N-body…
We study the evolution of matter density perturbations in the framework of massive conformal gravity (MCG). Starting from the conservation of the energy-momentum tensor, we find the continuity and Euler equations for the conformal perfect…
The local Universe displays a rich hierarchical pattern of galaxy clusters and superclusters. The early Universe, however, was almost smooth, with only slight 'ripples' seen in the cosmic microwave background radiation. Models of the…
Dark matter cannot be observed directly, but its weak gravitational lensing slightly distorts the apparent shapes of background galaxies, making weak lensing one of the most promising probes of cosmology. Several observational studies have…