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We introduce a new unsupervised pre-training method for reinforcement learning called APT, which stands for Active Pre-Training. APT learns behaviors and representations by actively searching for novel states in reward-free environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Hao Liu , Pieter Abbeel

Deep reinforcement learning achieves superhuman performance in a range of video game environments, but requires that a designer manually specify a reward function. It is often easier to provide demonstrations of a target behavior than to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-26 Aaron Tucker , Adam Gleave , Stuart Russell

We propose a new method for learning from a single demonstration to solve hard exploration tasks like the Atari game Montezuma's Revenge. Instead of imitating human demonstrations, as proposed in other recent works, our approach is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Tim Salimans , Richard Chen

Reward learning algorithms utilize human feedback to infer a reward function, which is then used to train an AI system. This human feedback is often a preference comparison, in which the human teacher compares several samples of AI behavior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Peter Barnett , Rachel Freedman , Justin Svegliato , Stuart Russell

Neural networks can achieve excellent results in a wide variety of applications. However, when they attempt to sequentially learn, they tend to learn the new task while catastrophically forgetting previous ones. We propose a model that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Craig Atkinson , Brendan McCane , Lech Szymanski , Anthony Robins

Learning an effective representation for high-dimensional data is a challenging problem in reinforcement learning (RL). Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) such as Deep Q networks (DQN) achieves remarkable success in computer games by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-10 Borislav Mavrin , Hengshuai Yao , Linglong Kong

Providing a suitable reward function to reinforcement learning can be difficult in many real world applications. While inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) holds promise for automatically learning reward functions from demonstrations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Lantao Yu , Tianhe Yu , Chelsea Finn , Stefano Ermon

Reinforcement Learning has suffered from poor reward specification, and issues for reward hacking even in simple enough domains. Preference Based Reinforcement Learning attempts to solve the issue by utilizing binary feedbacks on queried…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Mudit Verma , Subbarao Kambhampati

Deep Reinforcement Learning has been shown to be very successful in complex games, e.g. Atari or Go. These games have clearly defined rules, and hence allow simulation. In many practical applications, however, interactions with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Andreas Merentitis , Kashif Rasul , Roland Vollgraf , Abdul-Saboor Sheikh , Urs Bergmann

Reward function, as an incentive representation that recognizes humans' agency and rationalizes humans' actions, is particularly appealing for modeling human behavior in human-robot interaction. Inverse Reinforcement Learning is an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Ran Tian , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Liting Sun

Human demonstrations can provide trustful samples to train reinforcement learning algorithms for robots to learn complex behaviors in real-world environments. However, obtaining sufficient demonstrations may be impractical because many…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Huixin Zhan , Feng Tao , Yongcan Cao

Our goal is for agents to optimize the right reward function, despite how difficult it is for us to specify what that is. Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) enables us to infer reward functions from demonstrations, but it usually assumes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Rohin Shah , Noah Gundotra , Pieter Abbeel , Anca D. Dragan

We explore unconstrained natural language feedback as a learning signal for artificial agents. Humans use rich and varied language to teach, yet most prior work on interactive learning from language assumes a particular form of input (e.g.,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Theodore R. Sumers , Mark K. Ho , Robert D. Hawkins , Karthik Narasimhan , Thomas L. Griffiths

Learning rewards from preference feedback has become an important tool in the alignment of agentic models. Preference-based feedback, often implemented as a binary comparison between multiple completions, is an established method to acquire…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Yannick Metz , András Geiszl , Raphaël Baur , Mennatallah El-Assady

For a real-world decision-making problem, the reward function often needs to be engineered or learned. A popular approach is to utilize human feedback to learn a reward function for training. The most straightforward way to do so is to ask…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Xiang Ji , Huazheng Wang , Minshuo Chen , Tuo Zhao , Mengdi Wang

Playing two-player games using reinforcement learning and self-play can be challenging due to the complexity of two-player environments and the possible instability in the training process. We propose that a reinforcement learning algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Kimiya Saadat , Richard Zhao

The black-box nature of deep reinforcement learning (RL) hinders them from real-world applications. Therefore, interpreting and explaining RL agents have been active research topics in recent years. Existing methods for post-hoc…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Qisen Yang , Huanqian Wang , Mukun Tong , Wenjie Shi , Gao Huang , Shiji Song

To widen their accessibility and increase their utility, intelligent agents must be able to learn complex behaviors as specified by (non-expert) human users. Moreover, they will need to learn these behaviors within a reasonable amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-13 Dilip Arumugam , Jun Ki Lee , Sophie Saskin , Michael L. Littman

Conveying complex objectives to reinforcement learning (RL) agents can often be difficult, involving meticulous design of reward functions that are sufficiently informative yet easy enough to provide. Human-in-the-loop RL methods allow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Kimin Lee , Laura Smith , Pieter Abbeel

Designing reward functions is a challenging problem in AI and robotics. Humans usually have a difficult time directly specifying all the desirable behaviors that a robot needs to optimize. One common approach is to learn reward functions…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Erdem Bıyık , Nicolas Huynh , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , Dorsa Sadigh