English
Related papers

Related papers: A bias parity question for Sturmian words

200 papers

Most research on natural language processing treats bias as an absolute concept: Based on a (probably complex) algorithmic analysis, a sentence, an article, or a text is classified as biased or not. Given the fact that for humans the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Alonso Palomino , Martin Potthast , Khalid Al-Khatib , Benno Stein

We prove a conjecture of Cuttler et al.~[2011] [A. Cuttler, C. Greene, and M. Skandera; \emph{Inequalities for symmetric means}. European J. Combinatorics, 32(2011), 745--761] on the monotonicity of \emph{normalized Schur functions} under…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-21 Suvrit Sra

Let $N$ be any fixed positive integer and define \begin{align*} S_N(x)=\sum_{m, n \leq x}d(n^2+Nm^2), \end{align*} where $d(n)$ is the divisor function. We evaluate asymptotically $S_N(x)$ for several $N$, extending earlier works of Gafurov…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-12-20 Peng Gao , Liangyi Zhao

Let $d(n)$ be the number of divisors of $n$. We investigate the average value of $d(a_f(p))^r$ for $r$ a positive integer and $a_f(p)$ the $p$-th Fourier coefficient of a cuspidal eigenform $f$ having integral Fourier coefficients, where…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Yuk-Kam Lau , Wonwoong Lee

We study the average value of the divisor function $\tau(n)$ for $n\le x$ with $n \equiv a \bmod q$. The divisor function is known to be evenly distributed over arithmetic progressions for all $q$ that are a little smaller than $x^{2/3}$.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-25 Rizwanur Khan

Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) is a crucial component of many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. However, existing approaches typically reduce semantic nuances to a single score, limiting interpretability. To address this,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Diego Miguel Lozano , Daryna Dementieva , Alexander Fraser

In this paper, we consider the problem of order preservation under addition and multiplication operators over the vector space of univariate real-valued random variables. Consistent with the case of usual order over the real numbers-as…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-11-22 Mohsen Soltanifar

In this paper we present three new characterizations of Sturmian words based on the lexicographic ordering of their factors.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-02-05 Michelangelo Bucci , Alessandro De Luca , Luca Q. Zamboni

Recently the second two authors characterized quasiperiodic Sturmian words, proving that a Sturmian word is non-quasiperiodic if and only if it is an infinite Lyndon word. Here we extend this study to episturmian words (a natural…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-03-16 Amy Glen , Florence Levé , Gwénaël Richomme

The accurate evaluation of differential treatment in language models to specific groups is critical to ensuring a positive and safe user experience. An ideal evaluation should have the properties of being robust, extendable to new groups or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Jane Dwivedi-Yu , Raaz Dwivedi , Timo Schick

We fine-tuned and compared several encoder-based Transformer large language models (LLM) to predict differential item functioning (DIF) from the item text. We then applied explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods to these models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hotaka Maeda , Yikai Lu

Distinguir entre enteros con un n\'umero par o impar de divisores primos es una de las tareas m\'as dif\'iciles en la teor\'ia anal\'itica de n\'umeros. Un trabajo reciente de Matom\"aki y Radziwi{\l}{\l} muestra que, en promedio, ambos…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-12-16 Harald Helfgott , Adrián Ubis

We present a new, dynamical way to study powers (that is, repetitions) in Sturmian words based on results from Diophantine approximation theory. As a result, we provide an alternative and shorter proof of a result by Damanik and Lenz…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-07-17 Jarkko Peltomäki

The parity of the partition function $p(n)$ remains strikingly mysterious. Beyond a handful of fragmentary results, essentially nothing is known about the distribution of parity. We prove a uniform result on quadratic progressions. If…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-06 Ken Ono

We prove an averaged version of a claim suspected to be true by Alladi, Erd\"os, and Vaaler. Qualitatively, the result states that a divisor sum of a multiplicative function, which obeys certain size constraints, derives most of its value…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-17 Cooper O'Kuhn

We investigate the average order of the divisor function at values of totally reducible binary cubic forms and discuss some applications.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2010-11-11 T. D. Browning

We study the notion of quasiperiodicity, in the sense of "coverability", for biinfinite words. All previous work about quasiperiodicity focused on right infinite words, but the passage to the biinfinite case could help to prove stronger…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-03-08 Florian Barbero , Guilhem Gamard , Anaël Grandjean

We introduce a new type of partitions that consists of partitions whose different parts alternate in parity (e.g., $3+2+2+1+1$). Various properties of this partition function are studied. In particular, we obtain its asymptotic behavior by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-06 Shane Chern

The doorways problem considers adjacent parallel hallways of unit width each with a single doorway (aligned with integer lattice points) of unit width. It then asks, what are the properties of lines that pass through each doorway?…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-05-03 Jason Siefken

We study variational regularisation methods for inverse problems with imperfect forward operators whose errors can be modelled by order intervals in a partial order of a Banach lattice. We carry out analysis with respect to existence and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-12-25 Leon Bungert , Martin Burger , Yury Korolev , Carola-Bibiane Schoenlieb