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We continue the program of extending the scattering equation framework by Cachazo, He and Yuan to a double-cover prescription. We discuss how to apply the double-cover formalism to effective field theories, with a special focus on the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-06-26 Humberto Gomez , Andreas Helset

We present a novel framework for deriving on-shell recursion relations, with a specific focus on biadjoint and pure Yang-Mills theories. Starting from the double-cover CHY factorization formulae, we identify a suitable set of independent…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-03 Humberto Gomez

In this paper, by defining off-shell amplitudes as off-shell CHY integrals, and redefining the longitudinal operator, we demonstrate that the differential operators which link on-shell amplitudes for a variety of theories together, also…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Kang Zhou , Guo-Jun Zhou

It is well-known that the standard BCFW construction cannot be used for on-shell amplitudes in effective field theories due to bad behavior for large shifts. We show how to solve this problem in the case of the SU(N) non-linear sigma model,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-04-10 Karol Kampf , Jiri Novotny , Jaroslav Trnka

In this work, we prove the new factorization pattern for tree-level Yang-Mills (YM) amplitudes proposed in a companion paper. This pattern reveals a decomposition of amplitudes into a sum of gluings of lower-point amplitudes under specific…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-03-11 Yong Zhang

In this work we show how a double-cover (DC) extension of the Cachazo, He and Yuan formalism (CHY) can be used to provide a new realization for the factorization of the amplitudes involving gluons and scalar fields. First, we propose a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-06-26 Humberto Gomez

The recently-developed "scalar-scaffolding" formulation of gluon amplitudes casts the Yang-Mills (YM) amplitude as a well-defined Laurent series expansion in scalar variables, valid for any spacetime dimension and helicity configuration. In…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-24 Jeffrey V. Backus

We show that the half-integrands in the CHY representation of tree amplitudes give rise to the definition of differential forms -- the scattering forms -- on the moduli space of a Riemann sphere with $n$ marked points. These differential…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-04-04 Leonardo de la Cruz , Alexander Kniss , Stefan Weinzierl

The fragmentation functions and scattering amplitudes are investigated in the framework of light-front perturbation theory. It is demonstrated that, the factorization property of the fragmentation functions implies the recursion relations…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-16 Christian A. Cruz-Santiago , Anna M. Stasto

We examine factorisation in the connected prescription of Yang-Mills amplitudes. The multi-particle pole is interpreted as coming from representing delta functions as meromorphic functions. However, a naive evaluation does not give a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 C. Vergu

We introduce a prescription to define form factor integrands at loop level in planar $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. This relies on a periodic kinematic configuration that has been instrumental to describe form factors at…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-03-27 Lorenzo Bianchi , Andreas Brandhuber , Rodolfo Panerai , Gabriele Travaglini

In the context of integrable field theory with boundary, the integrable non-linear sigma models in two dimensions, for example, the $O(N)$, the principal chiral, the ${\rm CP}^{N-1}$ and the complex Grassmannian sigma models are discussed…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 M. F. Mourad , R. Sasaki

A double-cover extension of the scattering equation formalism of Cachazo, He and Yuan (CHY) leads us to conjecture covariant factorization formulas of n-particle scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills theories. Evidence is given that these…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-02-06 N. E. J. Bjerrum-Bohr , Poul H. Damgaard , Humberto Gomez

We propose a new factorization pattern for tree-level Yang-Mills (YM) amplitudes, where they decompose into a sum of gluings of two lower-point amplitudes by setting specific two-point non-planar Mandelstam variables within a rectangular…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-02 Alfredo Guevara , Yong Zhang

We present examples of on-shell recurrence relations for determining rational functions appearing in one-loop QCD amplitudes. In particular, we give relations for one-loop QCD amplitudes with all legs of positive helicity, or with one leg…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-15 Zvi Bern , Lance J. Dixon , David A. Kosower

In this paper, we demonstrate that the factorizations for tree amplitudes in the double-cover framework, for various theories, can be generated from the gravity amplitude in the double-cover prescription. Using our method, the factorized…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-07-14 Kang Zhou

We use on-shell recursion relations to determine the one-loop QCD scattering amplitudes with a massless external quark pair and an arbitrary number (n-2) of positive-helicity gluons. These amplitudes are the last of the unknown infrared-…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-11-15 Zvi Bern , Lance J. Dixon , David A. Kosower

We present on the use of on-shell recursion relations. These can be used not only for calculating tree amplitudes, including those with masses, but also to compute analytically the missing rational terms of one-loop QCD amplitudes. Combined…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-08-23 Darren Forde

We consider the factorization properties of on-shell QCD amplitudes with massive partons in the limit when all kinematical invariants are large compared to the parton mass and discuss the structure of their infrared singularities. The…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-01-07 S. Moch , A. Mitov

We define recursion relations for N = 8 supergravity amplitudes using a generalization of the on-shell diagrams developed for planar N = 4 super-Yang-Mills. Although the recursion relations generically give rise to non-planar on-shell…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-06-29 Paul Heslop , Arthur E. Lipstein
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