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Multi-label text classification (MLTC) aims to annotate documents with the most relevant labels from a number of candidate labels. In real applications, the distribution of label frequency often exhibits a long tail, i.e., a few labels are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Lin Xiao , Xiangliang Zhang , Liping Jing , Chi Huang , Mingyang Song

Multi-Label Classification (MLC) is a common task in the legal domain, where more than one label may be assigned to a legal document. A wide range of methods can be applied, ranging from traditional ML approaches to the latest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Martina Forster , Claudia Schulz , Prudhvi Nokku , Melicaalsadat Mirsafian , Jaykumar Kasundra , Stavroula Skylaki

Multi-relational semantic similarity datasets define the semantic relations between two short texts in multiple ways, e.g., similarity, relatedness, and so on. Yet, all the systems to date designed to capture such relations target one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Li Zhang , Steven R. Wilson , Rada Mihalcea

Multi-label document classification is a traditional task in NLP. Compared to single-label classification, each document can be assigned multiple classes. This problem is crucially important in various domains, such as tagging scientific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Maziar Moradi Fard , Paula Sorrolla Bayod , Kiomars Motarjem , Mohammad Alian Nejadi , Saber Akhondi , Camilo Thorne

We consider multi-label classification where the goal is to annotate each data point with the most relevant $\textit{subset}$ of labels from an extremely large label set. Efficient annotation can be achieved with balanced tree predictors,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Maryam Majzoubi , Anna Choromanska

The medical domain is often subject to information overload. The digitization of healthcare, constant updates to online medical repositories, and increasing availability of biomedical datasets make it challenging to effectively analyze the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Ozan Ozyegen , Devika Kabe , Mucahit Cevik

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown state-of-the-art improvements in node classification tasks on graphs. While these improvements have been largely demonstrated in a multi-class classification scenario, a more general and realistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Tianqi Zhao , Ngan Thi Dong , Alan Hanjalic , Megha Khosla

Hierarchical attention networks have recently achieved remarkable performance for document classification in a given language. However, when multilingual document collections are considered, training such models separately for each language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-18 Nikolaos Pappas , Andrei Popescu-Belis

Semi-supervised semantic segmentation relieves the reliance on large-scale labeled data by leveraging unlabeled data. Recent semi-supervised semantic segmentation approaches mainly resort to pseudo-labeling methods to exploit unlabeled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Hui Xiao , Yuting Hong , Li Dong , Diqun Yan , Jiayan Zhuang , Junjie Xiong , Dongtai Liang , Chengbin Peng

Assigning a set of labels to a given text is a classification problem with many real-world applications, such as recommender systems. Two separate research streams address this issue. Hierarchical Text Classification (HTC) focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Nerijus Bertalis , Paul Granse , Ferhat Gül , Florian Hauss , Leon Menkel , David Schüler , Tom Speier , Lukas Galke , Ansgar Scherp

Computational social science (CSS) practitioners often rely on human-labeled data to fine-tune supervised text classifiers. We assess the potential for researchers to augment or replace human-generated training data with surrogate training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Nicholas Pangakis , Samuel Wolken

The prevalence of noisy labels in real-world datasets poses a significant impediment to the effective deployment of deep learning models. While meta-learning strategies have emerged as a promising approach for addressing this challenge,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Mengyang Li

Efficient text classification is essential for handling the increasing volume of academic publications. This study explores the use of pre-trained language models (PLMs), including BERT, SciBERT, BioBERT, and BlueBERT, fine-tuned on the Web…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zhyar Rzgar K Rostam , Gábor Kertész

In ML-aided decision-making tasks, such as fraud detection or medical diagnosis, the human-in-the-loop, usually a domain-expert without technical ML knowledge, prefers high-level concept-based explanations instead of low-level explanations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Catarina Belém , Vladimir Balayan , Pedro Saleiro , Pedro Bizarro

Because large, human-annotated datasets suffer from labeling errors, it is crucial to be able to train deep neural networks in the presence of label noise. While training image classification models with label noise have received much…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Ishan Jindal , Daniel Pressel , Brian Lester , Matthew Nokleby

Multi-label classification has received considerable interest in recent years. Multi-label classifiers have to address many problems including: handling large-scale datasets with many instances and a large set of labels, compensating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-21 Amirhossein Akbarnejad , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

Classification aids software development activities by organizing requirements in classes for easier access and retrieval. The majority of requirements classification research has, so far, focused on binary or multi-class classification.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Waleed Abdeen , Michael Unterkalmsteiner , Krzysztof Wnuk , Alexandros Chirtoglou , Christoph Schimanski , Heja Goli

Many important classification problems in the real-world consist of a large number of closely related categories in a hierarchical structure or taxonomy. Hierarchical multi-label text classification (HMTC) with higher accuracy over large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Pengfei Gao , Jingpeng Zhao , Yinglong Ma , Ahmad Tanvir , Beihong Jin

Embedding models typically associate each word with a single real-valued vector, representing its different properties. Evaluation methods, therefore, need to analyze the accuracy and completeness of these properties in embeddings. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-20 Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh , Katharina Kann , Hinrich Schütze

Semi-supervised techniques have removed the barriers of large scale labelled set by exploiting unlabelled data to improve the performance of a model. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised deep multi-task classification and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-12 R. M. Saad Bashir , Talha Qaiser , Shan E Ahmed Raza , Nasir M. Rajpoot