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Multi-label text classification is a challenging task because it requires capturing label dependencies. It becomes even more challenging when class distribution is long-tailed. Resampling and re-weighting are common approaches used for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Yi Huang , Buse Giledereli , Abdullatif Köksal , Arzucan Özgür , Elif Ozkirimli

Many practical applications of AI in medicine consist of semi-supervised discovery: The investigator aims to identify features of interest at a resolution more fine-grained than that of the available human labels. This is often the scenario…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Allen Schmaltz , Andrew Beam

Many Machine Learning algorithms, such as deep neural networks, have long been criticized for being "black-boxes"-a kind of models unable to provide how it arrive at a decision without further efforts to interpret. This problem has raised…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-04 Yihuang Kang , I-Ling Cheng , Wenjui Mao , Bowen Kuo , Pei-Ju Lee

Extreme multi-label (XML) classification refers to the task of supervised multi-label learning that involves a large number of labels. Hence, scalability of the classifier with increasing label dimension is an important consideration. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Istasis Mishra , Arpan Dasgupta , Pratik Jawanpuria , Bamdev Mishra , Pawan Kumar

Extreme Multi-label classification (XML) is an important yet challenging machine learning task, that assigns to each instance its most relevant candidate labels from an extremely large label collection, where the numbers of labels, features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Bingyu Wang , Li Chen , Wei Sun , Kechen Qin , Kefeng Li , Hui Zhou

Classification in the context of multi-label data streams represents a challenge that has attracted significant attention due to its high real-world applicability. However, this task faces problems inherent to dynamic environments, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 H. Freire-Oliveira , E. R. F. Paiva , J. Gama , L. Khan , R. Cerri

One of the key problems in multi-label text classification is how to take advantage of the correlation among labels. However, it is very challenging to directly model the correlations among labels in a complex and unknown label space. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Rui Song , Xingbing Chen , Zelong Liu , Haining An , Zhiqi Zhang , Xiaoguang Wang , Hao Xu

In recent years, multi-label classification has attracted a significant body of research, motivated by real-life applications, such as text classification and medical diagnoses. Although sparsely studied in this context, Learning Classifier…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-12-29 Fani A. Tzima , Miltiadis Allamanis , Alexandros Filotheou , Pericles A. Mitkas

Leveraging weak or noisy supervision for building effective machine learning models has long been an important research problem. Its importance has further increased recently due to the growing need for large-scale datasets to train deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Guoqing Zheng , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah , Susan Dumais

Scalability and accuracy are well recognized challenges in deep extreme multi-label learning where the objective is to train architectures for automatically annotating a data point with the most relevant subset of labels from an extremely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Kunal Dahiya , Deepak Saini , Anshul Mittal , Ankush Shaw , Kushal Dave , Akshay Soni , Himanshu Jain , Sumeet Agarwal , Manik Varma

Multilabel Classification (MLC) deals with the simultaneous classification of multiple binary labels. The task is challenging because, not only may there be arbitrarily different and complex relationships between predictor variables and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-15 Jiahao Tian , Hugh Chipman , Thomas Loughin

Even with the luxury of having abundant data, multi-label classification is widely known to be a challenging task to address. This work targets the problem of multi-label meta-learning, where a model learns to predict multiple labels within…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Christian Simon , Piotr Koniusz , Mehrtash Harandi

Multi-label Text Classification (MLTC) is the task of categorizing documents into one or more topics. Considering the large volumes of data and varying domains of such tasks, fully supervised learning requires manually fully annotated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Ziwen Liu , Josep Grau-Bove , Scott Allan Orr

Automated classification of clinical transcriptions into medical specialties is essential for routing, coding, and clinical decision support, yet prior work on the widely used MTSamples benchmark suffers from severe data leakage caused by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Pronob Kumar Barman , Pronoy Kumar Barman

We present a method for the classification of multi-labelled text documents explicitly designed for data stream applications that require to process a virtually infinite sequence of data using constant memory and constant processing time.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-04-13 Ricardo Ñanculef , Ilias Flaounas , Nello Cristianini

Multilabel classification is an emergent data mining task with a broad range of real world applications. Learning from imbalanced multilabel data is being deeply studied latterly, and several resampling methods have been proposed in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Francisco Charte , Antonio J. Rivera , María J. del Jesus , Francisco Herrera

Extreme multi-label text classification (XMTC) refers to the problem of tagging a given text with the most relevant subset of labels from a large label set. A majority of labels only have a few training instances due to large label…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Yuan Wang , Huiling Song , Peng Huo , Tao Xu , Jucheng Yang , Yarui Chen , Tingting Zhao

We survey multi-label ranking tasks, specifically multi-label classification and label ranking classification. We highlight the unique challenges, and re-categorize the methods, as they no longer fit into the traditional categories of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Lihi Dery

Multi-label text classification (MLC) is a challenging task in settings of large label sets, where label support follows a Zipfian distribution. In this paper, we address this problem through retrieval augmentation, aiming to improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Ilias Chalkidis , Yova Kementchedjhieva

The dissemination of online hate speech can have serious negative consequences for individuals, online communities, and entire societies. This and the large volume of hateful online content prompted both practitioners', i.e., in content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Julian Bäumler , Louis Blöcher , Lars-Joel Frey , Xian Chen , Markus Bayer , Christian Reuter