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In increasingly different contexts, it happens that a human player has to interact with artificial players who make decisions following decision-making algorithms. How should the human player play against these algorithms to maximize his…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Maurizio D 'Andrea

Regret minimization has proved to be a versatile tool for tree-form sequential decision making and extensive-form games. In large two-player zero-sum imperfect-information games, modern extensions of counterfactual regret minimization (CFR)…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Gabriele Farina , Tuomas Sandholm

We study online decision making problems under resource constraints, where both reward and cost functions are drawn from distributions that may change adversarially over time. We focus on two canonical settings: $(i)$ online resource…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Francesco Emanuele Stradi , Matteo Castiglioni , Alberto Marchesi , Nicola Gatti , Christian Kroer

A recent line of work has established uncoupled learning dynamics such that, when employed by all players in a game, each player's \emph{regret} after $T$ repetitions grows polylogarithmically in $T$, an exponential improvement over the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Gabriele Farina , Ioannis Anagnostides , Haipeng Luo , Chung-Wei Lee , Christian Kroer , Tuomas Sandholm

We provide the first sub-linear space and sub-linear regret algorithm for online learning with expert advice (against an oblivious adversary), addressing an open question raised recently by Srinivas, Woodruff, Xu and Zhou (STOC 2022). We…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Binghui Peng , Fred Zhang

As machine learning systems increasingly train on self-annotated data, they risk reinforcing errors and becoming echo chambers of their own beliefs. We model this phenomenon by introducing a learning-theoretic framework: Online Learning in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Daniil Dmitriev , Harald Eskelund Franck , Carolin Heinzler , Amartya Sanyal

Sequential prediction problems such as imitation learning, where future observations depend on previous predictions (actions), violate the common i.i.d. assumptions made in statistical learning. This leads to poor performance in theory and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Stephane Ross , Geoffrey J. Gordon , J. Andrew Bagnell

In this paper we establish efficient and \emph{uncoupled} learning dynamics so that, when employed by all players in a general-sum multiplayer game, the \emph{swap regret} of each player after $T$ repetitions of the game is bounded by…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Ioannis Anagnostides , Gabriele Farina , Christian Kroer , Chung-Wei Lee , Haipeng Luo , Tuomas Sandholm

The existence of simple uncoupled no-regret learning dynamics that converge to correlated equilibria in normal-form games is a celebrated result in the theory of multi-agent systems. Specifically, it has been known for more than 20 years…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Gabriele Farina , Andrea Celli , Alberto Marchesi , Nicola Gatti

We examine the problem of regret minimization when the learner is involved in a continuous game with other optimizing agents: in this case, if all players follow a no-regret algorithm, it is possible to achieve significantly lower regret…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Yu-Guan Hsieh , Kimon Antonakopoulos , Volkan Cevher , Panayotis Mertikopoulos

Driven by recent successes in two-player, zero-sum game solving and playing, artificial intelligence work on games has increasingly focused on algorithms that produce equilibrium-based strategies. However, this approach has been less…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Dustin Morrill , Ryan D'Orazio , Reca Sarfati , Marc Lanctot , James R. Wright , Amy Greenwald , Michael Bowling

We study a repeated game between a supplier and a retailer who want to maximize their respective profits without full knowledge of the problem parameters. After characterizing the uniqueness of the Stackelberg equilibrium of the stage game…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Nicolò Cesa-Bianchi , Tommaso Cesari , Takayuki Osogami , Marco Scarsini , Segev Wasserkrug

We show that Optimistic Hedge -- a common variant of multiplicative-weights-updates with recency bias -- attains ${\rm poly}(\log T)$ regret in multi-player general-sum games. In particular, when every player of the game uses Optimistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Constantinos Daskalakis , Maxwell Fishelson , Noah Golowich

Counterfactual Regret Minimization (CFR) is an efficient no-regret learning algorithm for decision problems modeled as extensive games. CFR's regret bounds depend on the requirement of perfect recall: players always remember information…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-05-04 Marc Lanctot , Richard Gibson , Neil Burch , Martin Zinkevich , Michael Bowling

We present an algorithm guaranteeing dynamic regret bounds for online omniprediction with long term constraints. The goal in this recently introduced problem is for a learner to generate a sequence of predictions which are broadcast to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yahav Bechavod , Jiuyao Lu , Aaron Roth

The setting of an agent making decisions under uncertainty and under dynamic constraints is common for the fields of optimal control, reinforcement learning, and recently also for online learning. In the online learning setting, the quality…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-18 Aren Karapetyan , Anastasios Tsiamis , Efe C. Balta , Andrea Iannelli , John Lygeros

We study the problem of full-information online learning in the "bounded recall" setting popular in the study of repeated games. An online learning algorithm $\mathcal{A}$ is $M$-$\textit{bounded-recall}$ if its output at time $t$ can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jon Schneider , Kiran Vodrahalli

A celebrated connection in the interface of online learning and game theory establishes that players minimizing swap regret converge to correlated equilibria (CE) -- a seminal game-theoretic solution concept. Despite the long history of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ioannis Anagnostides , Alkis Kalavasis , Tuomas Sandholm

We consider a family of learning strategies for online optimization problems that evolve in continuous time and we show that they lead to no regret. From a more traditional, discrete-time viewpoint, this continuous-time approach allows us…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-02-28 Joon Kwon , Panayotis Mertikopoulos

Hindsight rationality is an approach to playing general-sum games that prescribes no-regret learning dynamics for individual agents with respect to a set of deviations, and further describes jointly rational behavior among multiple agents…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Dustin Morrill , Ryan D'Orazio , Marc Lanctot , James R. Wright , Michael Bowling , Amy R. Greenwald