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Blockchain consensus is a state whereby each node in a network agrees on the current state of the blockchain. Existing protocols achieve consensus via a contest or voting procedure to select one node as a dictator to propose new blocks.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-06-22 Joshua S. Gans , Richard Holden

With the rapid development of blockchain and its applications, the amount of data stored on decentralized storage networks (DSNs) has grown exponentially. DSNs bring together affordable storage resources from around the world to provide…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Hechuan Guo , Minghui Xu , Jiahao Zhang , Chunchi Liu , Rajiv Ranjan , Dongxiao Yu , Xiuzhen Cheng

Blockchain is a type of decentralized distributed database. Unlike traditional relational database management systems, it does not require management or maintenance by a third party. All data management and update processes are open and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Jiaqi Huang , Yuanzheng Niu , Xiaoqi Li , Zongwei Li

This article will take you on a journey to the core of blockchains, their Byzantine consensus engine, where HotStuff emerged as a new algorithmic foundation for the classical Byzantine generals consensus problem. The first part of the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Dahlia Malkhi , Maofan Yin

Blockchain technology sparked renewed interest in planetary-scale Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) state machine replication (SMR). While recent works predominantly focused on improving the scalability and throughput of these protocols, few…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Christian Berger , Lívio Rodrigues , Hans P. Reiser , Vinicius Cogo , Alysson Bessani

We present Blizzard, a Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) distributed ledger protocol that is aimed at making mobile devices first-class citizens in the consensus process. Blizzard introduces a novel two-tier architecture by having the mobile…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-07 Mehrdad Kiamari , Bhaskar Krishnamachari , Muhammad Naveed , Seokgu Yun

The financial industry is a pioneer in Blockchain technology. One of the most popular platforms in Token-based banking is the flexible Stellar platform. This platform is open-source, and today, its wide range of features makes it possible…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Mohammad Javad Shayegan , Kiarash Shamsi

The vast majority of applications at this moment rely on centralized servers to relay messages between clients, where these servers are considered trusted third-parties. With the rise of blockchain technologies over the last few years,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Harry Halpin

Consensus plays a crucial role in distributed ledger systems, impacting both scalability and decentralization. Many blockchain systems use a weighted lottery based on a scarce resource such as a stake, storage, memory, or computing power to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Grigorii Melnikov , Sebastian Müller , Nikita Polyanskii , Yury Yanovich

Distributed learning has many computational benefits but is vulnerable to attacks from a subset of devices transmitting incorrect information. This paper investigates Byzantine-resilient algorithms in a decentralized setting, where devices…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Renaud Gaucher , Aymeric Dieuleveut , Hadrien Hendrikx

The security foundation of blockchain system relies primarily on classical cryptographic methods and consensus algorithms. However, the advent of quantum computing poses a significant threat to conventional public-key cryptosystems based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Fei Xu , Cheng Ye , Jie OuYang , Ziqiang Wu , Haoze Chen , An Hua , Meifeng Gao , Qiandong Zhang , Minghan Li , Feilong Li , Yajun Miao , Wei Qi

Detecting and handling network partitions is a fundamental requirement of distributed systems. Although existing partition detection methods in arbitrary graphs tolerate unreliable networks, they either assume that all nodes are correct or…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Yérom-David Bromberg , Jérémie Decouchant , Manon Sourisseau , François Taïani

In this paper we explore a context of application of Cob, a recently introduced Byzantine Fault Tolerant consensus protocol. Cob proves to be a leaderless consensus protocol which carries out the consensus process in parallel on each…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Andrea Flamini , Riccardo Longo , Alessio Meneghetti

We present new protocols for Byzantine state machine replication and Byzantine agreement in the synchronous and authenticated setting. The celebrated PBFT state machine replication protocol tolerates $f$ Byzantine faults in an asynchronous…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-09-14 Ittai Abraham , Srinivas Devadas , Danny Dolev , Kartik Nayak , Ling Ren

In distributed computing, a Byzantine fault is a condition where a component behaves inconsistently, showing different symptoms to different components of the system. Consensus among the correct components can be reached by appropriately…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Zoltán Guba , István Finta , Ákos Budai , Lóránt Farkas , Zoltán Zimborás , András Pályi

Distributed consensus is a key enabler for many distributed systems including distributed databases and blockchains. Canopus is a scalable distributed consensus protocol that ensures that live nodes in a system agree on an ordered sequence…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-18 S. Keshav , W. Golab , B. Wong , S. Rizvi , S. Gorbunov

Byzantine state-machine replication (SMR) ensures the consistency of replicated state in the presence of malicious replicas and lies at the heart of the modern blockchain technology. Byzantine SMR protocols often guarantee safety under all…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Manuel Bravo , Gregory Chockler , Alexey Gotsman

Countries like Estonia, Norway or Australia developed electronic voting systems, which could be used to realize parliamentary elections with the help of personal computers and the Internet. These systems are completely different in their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-02-10 Christian Meter

Existing Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) protocols face significant challenges in the consortium blockchain scenario. On the one hand, we can make little assumptions about the reliability and security of the underlying Internet. On the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Peilun Li , Guosai Wang , Xiaoqi Chen , Wei Xu

Blockchains revolutionized centralized sectors like banking and finance by promoting decentralization and transparency. In a blockchain, information is transmitted through transactions issued by participants or applications. Miners…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Johnnatan Messias Peixoto Afonso