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A covering system is a finite collection of arithmetic progressions whose union is the set of integers. The study of these objects was initiated by Erd\H{o}s in 1950, and over the following decades he asked many questions about them. Most…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-04 Paul Balister , Béla Bollobás , Robert Morris , Julian Sahasrabudhe , Marius Tiba

Introduced by Erd\H{o}s in 1950, a covering system of the integers is a finite collection of arithmetic progressions whose union is the set $\mathbb{Z}$. Many beautiful questions and conjectures about covering systems have been posed over…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-17 Paul Balister , Béla Bollobás , Robert Morris , Julian Sahasrabudhe , Marius Tiba

A covering system is a finite collection of arithmetic progressions whose union is the set of integers. The study of covering systems with distinct moduli was initiated by Erd\H{o}s in 1950, and over the following decades numerous problems…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-26 Paul Balister , Béla Bollobás , Robert Morris , Julian Sahasrabudhe , Marius Tiba

Erd\H{o}s first introduced the idea of covering systems in 1950. Since then, much of the work in this area has concentrated on identifying covering systems that meet specific conditions on their moduli. Among the central open problems in…

Covering systems of the integers were introduced by Erd\H{o}s in 1950. Since then, many beautiful questions and conjectures about these objects have been posed. Most famously, Erd\H{o}s asked whether the minimum modulus of a covering system…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-21 Biao Wang

Covering systems were introduced by Erd\H{o}s in 1950. In the same article where he introduced them, he asked if the minimum modulus of a covering system with distinct moduli is bounded. In 2015, Hough answered affirmatively this long…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-25 Jonah Klein , Dimitris Koukoulopoulos , Simon Lemieux

The concept of a covering system was first introduced by Erd\H{o}s in 1950. Since their introduction, a lot of the research regarding covering systems has focused on the existence of covering systems with certain restrictions on the moduli.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-24 Joshua Harrington , Yewen Sun , Wing Hong Tony Wong

A covering system of the integers is a finite collection of arithmetic progressions whose union is the set of integers. A well-known problem on covering systems is the minimum modulus problem posed by Erd\H{o}s in 1950, who asked whether…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-26 Huixi Li , Biao Wang , Chunlin Wang , Shaoyun Yi

A covering system of the integers is a finite collection of modular residue classes $\{a_m \bmod{m}\}_{m \in S}$ whose union is all integers. Given a finite set $S$ of moduli, it is often difficult to tell whether there is a choice of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-15 Jackson Hopper

In 1950, Erd\H{o}s posed a question known as the minimum modulus problem on covering systems for $\mathbb{Z}$, which asked whether the minimum modulus of a covering system with distinct moduli is bounded. This long-standing problem was…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-17 Huixi Li , Biao Wang , Chunlin Wang , Shaoyun Yi

An old question of Erdos asks if there exists, for each number N, a finite set S of integers greater than N and residue classes r(n) mod n for n in S whose union is all the integers. We prove that if $\sum_{n\in S} 1/n$ is bounded for such…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Michael Filaseta , Kevin Ford , Sergei Konyagin , Carl Pomerance , Gang Yu

The minimum modulus problem on covering systems was posed by Erd\H{o}s in 1950, who asked whether the minimum modulus of a covering system with distinct moduli is bounded. In 2007, Filaseta, Ford, Konyagin, Pomerance and Yu affirmed it if…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-14 Huixi Li , Biao Wang , Shaoyun Yi

Erd\H{o}s and Graham (Erd\H{o}s and Graham, 1980) asked if there exists an $n$ such that the divisors of $n$ greater than 1 are the moduli of a distinct covering system with the following property: If there exists an integer which satisfies…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-04 Sarosh Adenwalla

In 1952, H. Davenport posed the problem of determining a condition on the minimum modulus $m_{0}$ in a finite distinct covering system that would imply that the sum of the reciprocals of the moduli in the covering system is bounded away…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-23 Michael Filaseta , Alexandros Kalogirou

A $\textit{covering system}$ is a collection of integer congruences such that every integer satisfies at least one congruence in the collection. A covering system is called $\textit{distinct}$ if all of its moduli are distinct. An expansive…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-24 Raj Agrawal , Prarthana Bhatia , Kratik Gupta , Powers Lamb , Andrew Lott , Alex Rice , Christine Rose Ward

A famous unsolved conjecture of P. Erdos and J. L. Selfridge states that there does not exist a covering system {a_s(mod n_s)}_{s=1}^k with the moduli n_1,...,n_k odd, distinct and greater than one. In this paper we show that if such a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Song Guo , Zhi-Wei Sun

We investigate the densities of the sets of abundant numbers and of covering numbers, integers $n$ for which there exists a distinct covering system where every modulus divides $n$. We establish that the set $\mathcal{C}$ of covering…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Nathan McNew , Jai Setty

We answer a question of Erd\H{o}s by showing that the least modulus of a distinct covering system of congruences is no larger than $10^{18}$.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-04 Bob Hough

Letting $\delta_1(n,m)$ be the density of the set of integers with exactly one divisor in $(n,m)$, Erd\H{o}s wondered if $\delta_1(n,m)$ is unimodular for fixed $n$. We prove this is false in general, as the sequence $(\delta_1(n,m))$ has…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-20 Stijn Cambie

Erd\H{o}s and Graham posed the question of whether there exists an integer $n$ such that the divisors of $n$ greater than $1$ form a distinct covering system with pairwise coprime moduli for overlapping congruences. Adenwalla recently…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-28 Zhengkun Jia , Huixi Li , Yushuo Liu
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