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Standard Bayesian retrievals for exoplanet atmospheric parameters from transmission spectroscopy, while well understood and widely used, are generally computationally expensive. In the era of the JWST and other upcoming observatories,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-08 Roy T. Forestano , Konstantin T. Matchev , Katia Matcheva , Eyup B. Unlu

With manual searching processes, the rate at which scientists and astronomers discover exoplanets is slow because of inefficiencies that require an extensive time of laborious inspections. In fact, as of now there have been about only 5,000…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ethan Lo , Dan C. Lo

The next generation of telescopes will yield a substantial increase in the availability of high-resolution spectroscopic data for thousands of exoplanets. The sheer volume of data and number of planets to be analyzed greatly motivate the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-16 Roy T. Forestano , Konstantin T. Matchev , Katia Matcheva , Eyup B. Unlu

Atmospheric retrievals are now a standard tool to analyze observations of exoplanet atmospheres. This data-driven approach quantitatively compares atmospheric models to observations in order to estimate atmospheric properties and their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-10 Joshua D. Lothringer , Travis S. Barman

Exoplanets are now being discovered in profusion. However, to understand their character requires spectral models and data. These elements of remote sensing can yield temperatures, compositions, and even weather patterns, but only if…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Adam Burrows

The exploration of planetary bodies in our Solar system and beyond relies on the processing and interpretation of large, spatio-temporally inconsistent, and heterogeneous datasets. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) provide…

Direct imaging of widely separated exoplanets from space will obtain their reflected light spectra and measure their atmospheric properties, and small and temperate planets will be the focus of the next generation telescopes. In this work,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-26 Mario Damiano , Renyu Hu

Here we introduce the RobERt (Robotic Exoplanet Recognition) algorithm for the classification of exoplanetary emission spectra. Spectral retrievals of exoplanetary atmospheres frequently requires the preselection of molecular/atomic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-13 I. P. Waldmann

Spectral retrieval techniques are currently our best tool to interpret the observed exoplanet atmospheric data. Said techniques retrieve the optimal atmospheric components and parameters by identifying the best fit to an observed…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-21 Kai Hou Yip , Ingo P. Waldmann , Angelos Tsiaras , Giovanna Tinetti

With the development of ever-improving telescopes capable of observing exoplanet atmospheres in greater detail and number, there is a growing demand for enhanced 3D climate models to support and help interpret observational data from space…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-15 Alexander Plaschzug , Amit Reza , Ludmila Carone , Sebastian Gernjak , Christiane Helling

Atmospheric retrievals (AR) of exoplanets typically rely on a combination of a Bayesian inference technique and a forward simulator to estimate atmospheric properties from an observed spectrum. A key component in simulating spectra is the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-20 Timothy D. Gebhard , Daniel Angerhausen , Björn S. Konrad , Eleonora Alei , Sascha P. Quanz , Bernhard Schölkopf

New-generation spectrographs dedicated to the study of exoplanetary atmospheres require a high accuracy in the atmospheric models to better interpret the input spectra. Thanks to space missions, the observed spectra will cover a large…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-02 Tiziano Zingales , Aurélien Falco , William Pluriel , Jérémy Leconte

Thanks to the advances in modern instrumentation we have learned about many exoplanets that span a wide range of masses and composition. Studying their atmospheres provides insight into planetary origin, evolution, dynamics, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-18 D. Shulyak , M. Rengel , A. Reiners , U. Seemann , F. Yan

Thermal emission spectra of exoplanets provide constraints on the chemical compositions, pressure-temperature (P-T) profiles, and energy transport in exoplanetary atmospheres. Accurate inferences of these properties rely on the robustness…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-10-20 Siddharth Gandhi , Nikku Madhusudhan

This brief review focuses on methods and applications of modeling exoplanetary atmospheres. We discuss various kinds of state of the art self-consistent and retrieval models in 1D and multi-D with a focus on open questions and short- and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-15 Jonathan J. Fortney , Joanna K. Barstow , Nikku Madhusudhan

It has been shown that spectroscopy of transiting extrasolar planets can potentially provide a wealth of information about their atmospheres. Herein, we set up the inverse problem in spectroscopic retrieval. We use non-linear optimal…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 M. R. Line , X. Zhang , G. Vaisht , P. Chen , V. Natraj , P. Chen , Y. L. Yung

With over 1800 planets discovered outside of the Solar System in the past two decades, the field of exoplanetology has broadened our perspective on planetary systems. Research priorities are now moving from planet detection to planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-07 Julien de Wit

A space telescope capable of high-contrast imaging has been recognized as the avenue toward finding terrestrial planets around nearby Sun-like stars and characterizing their potential habitability. It is thus essential to quantify the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-01 Mario Damiano , Renyu Hu

Atmospheric temperatures are to be estimated from thermal emission spectra of Earth-like exoplanets orbiting M-stars as observed by current and future planned missions. To this end, a line-by-line radiative transfer code is used to generate…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-02 Franz Schreier , J. Lee Grenfell , Fabian Wunderlich , Thomas Trautmann

Atmospheric characterization of Earth-like exoplanets through reflected light spectroscopy is a key goal for upcoming direct imaging missions. A critical challenge in this endeavor is the accurate determination of planetary mass, which may…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-04 Mario Damiano , Zachary Burr , Renyu Hu , Jennifer Burt , Tiffany Kataria