Related papers: Computation of life expectancy from incomplete dat…
Many biological studies involve inferring the evolutionary history of a sample of individuals from a large population and interpreting the reconstructed tree. Such an ascertained tree typically represents only a small part of a…
The presence and action of humans on Earth has exerted a strong influence on the evolution of the planet over the past $\approx$ 10,000 years, the consequences of which are now becoming broadly evident. Despite a deluge of tightly-focused…
Accurate demographic functions help scientists define and understand longevity. We summarize a new demographic model, the Weon model, and show the application to the demographic data for Switzerland (1876-2002). Particularly, the Weon model…
This chapter focuses on variable maturation delay or, more precisely, on the mathematical description of a size-structured population consuming an unstructured resource. When the resource concentration is a known function of time, we can…
Lampreys are one of the oldest species in the world, living longer than dinosaurs, which is related to the ability to change the sex ratio during their lifespan. In this paper, to understand how sex ratio and food quantity affect the…
In the past ten years this author published some 15 highly mathematical papers about his new Evo-SETI (Evolution and SETI) Theory. He proved that key features of Evo-SETI are: 1) The Statistical Drake Equation is the extension of the…
We here discuss the outcome of an hypothetic experiments of populations dynamics, where a set of independent realizations is made available. The importance of ensemble average is clarified with reference to the registered time evolution of…
Accurate prediction of battery health is essential for real-world system management and lab-based experiment design. However, building a life-prediction model from different cycling conditions is still a challenge. Large lifetime…
Social evolutionary theory seeks to explain increases in the scale and complexity of human societies, from origins to present. Over the course of the twentieth century, social evolutionary theory largely fell out of favor as a way of…
Advances in healthcare and in the quality of life significantly increase human life expectancy. With the ageing of populations, new un-faced challenges are brought to science. The human body is naturally selected to be well-functioning…
Population dynamics reflects an underlying birth-death process, where the rates associated with different events may depend on external environmental conditions and on the population density. A whole family of simple and popular…
The study considers the model of an abstract organism, called Arbitrary Oscillator (ArbO), which is capable of making decisions at each timed step. These decisions are 'critical' since, randomly, their outcome can be 'fatal' for ArbO, thus…
Indirect information on population size, like pellet counts or volunteer counts, is the main source of information in most ecological studies and applied population management situations. Often, such observations are treaded as if they were…
Interpretation of empirical results based on a taxa's lifetime distribution shows apparently conflicting results. Species' lifetime is reported to be exponentially distributed, whereas higher order taxa, such as families or genera, follow a…
Data describing the growth of the world population in the past 12,000 years are analysed. It is shown that, if unchecked, population does not increase exponentially but hyperbolically. This analysis reveals three approximately-determined…
Human longevity leaders with remarkably long lifespan play a crucial role in the advancement of longevity research. In this paper, we propose a stochastic model to describe the evolution of the age of the oldest person in the world by a…
Evolution is the process of optimal adaptation of biological populations to their living environments. This is expressed via the concept of fitness, defined as relative reproductive success. However, it has been pointed out that this…
If predictions for species extinctions hold, then the `tree of life' today may be quite different to that in (say) 100 years. We describe a technique to quantify how much each species is likely to contribute to future biodiversity, as…
We calculate the density and expectation for the number of lineages in a reconstructed tree with $n$ extant species. This is done with conditioning on the age of the tree as well as with assuming a uniform prior for the age of the tree.
Studies of memory trajectories using longitudinal data often result in highly non-representative samples due to selective study enrollment and attrition. An additional bias comes from practice effects that result in improved or maintained…