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We review the recent progress in direct active cooling of the quantum-electric degrees freedom in engineered circuits, or quantum-circuit refrigeration. In 2017, the invention of a quantum-circuit refrigerator (QCR) based on photon-assisted…
When a quantum dot is subjected to a thermal gradient, the temperature of electrons entering the dot can be determined from the dot's thermocurrent if the conductance spectrum and background temperature are known. We demonstrate this…
We present an improved nuclear refrigerator reaching 0.3 mK, aimed at microkelvin nanoelectronic experiments, and use it to investigate metallic Coulomb blockade thermometers (CBTs) with various resistances R. The high-R devices cool to…
Small scale renewable energy harvesting is an attractive solution to the growing need for power in remote technological applications. For this purpose, localized thermal gradients on-chip--created via radiative cooling--could be exploited…
Current state-of-the-art superconducting microwave qubits are cooled to extremely low temperatures to avoid sources of decoherence. Higher qubit operating temperatures would significantly increase the cooling power available, which is…
In this paper, we propose an electronic refrigerator based on a ballistic Andreev interferometer that allows to reach a maximum cooling power per channel up to five orders of magnitude larger than that of the conventional normal…
Many laboratories routinely cool samples to 10 mK, but relatively few can cool condensed matter below 1 mK. Easy access to the microkelvin range would propel fields such as quantum sensors and quantum materials. Such temperatures are…
We propose paramagnetic semiconductors as active media for refrigeration at cryogenic temperatures by adiabatic demagnetization. The paramagnetism of impurity dopants or structural defects can provide the entropy necessary for refrigeration…
Low-temperature refrigeration is of crucial importance in fundamental research of condensed matter physics, as the investigations of fascinating quantum phenomena, such as superconductivity, superfluidity and quantum criticality, often…
Correlating structure with electronic functionality is central to the engineering of quantum materials and devices whose properties depend sensitively on disorder. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) offers high spatial resolution…
The emerging quantum technological applications call for fast and accurate initialization of the corresponding devices to low-entropy quantum states. To this end, we theoretically study a recently demonstrated quantum-circuit refrigerator…
We report on a study exploring the design of nanoparticles that can enhance their laser refrigeration efficiency for applications in levitated optomechanics. In particular, we developed lanthanide-doped nanocrystals with an inert shell…
Heat transport in the quantum Hall regime is investigated using micron-scale heaters and thermometers positioned along the edge of a millimeter-scale two dimensional electron system (2DES). The heaters rely on localized current injection…
Heat dissipation in current-carrying cryogenic nanostructures is problematic because the phonon density of states decreases strongly as energy decreases. We show that the Coulomb interaction can prove a valuable resource for carrier cooling…
The main mechanism of energy loss in capacitors with nanoscale dielectric films is leakage currents. Using the example of Al-Al2O3-Al, we show that there are two main contributions, namely the cold field emission effect and the hopping…
While dephasing noise frequently presents obstacles for quantum devices, it can become an asset in the context of a Brownian-type quantum refrigerator. Here we demonstrate a novel quantum thermal machine that leverages noise-assisted…
Nanoscale electromechanical coupling provides a unique route towards control of mechanical motions and microwave fields in superconducting cavity electromechanical devices. Though their successes in utilizing the optomechanical or…
Although 3D IC technology can provide very high integration density, they suffer from having hotspots that may reach thousands of degrees. To manage this heat, it is necessary to study the dynamics of cooling and thermal behavior of the…
Advances in cryogenic electron microscopy have opened new avenues for probing quantum phenomena in correlated materials. This study reports the installation and performance of a new side-entry condenZero cryogenic cooling system for JEOL…
Hybrid quantum systems have the potential of mitigating current challenges in developing a scalable quantum computer. Of particular interest is the hybridization between atomic and superconducting qubits. We demonstrate a novel experimental…