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We propose two nonparametric statistical tests of goodness of fit for conditional distributions: given a conditional probability density function $p(y|x)$ and a joint sample, decide whether the sample is drawn from $p(y|x)r_x(x)$ for some…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-01 Wittawat Jitkrittum , Heishiro Kanagawa , Bernhard Schölkopf

The original Donsker theorem says that a standard random walk converges in distribution to a Brownian motion in the space of continuous functions. It has recently been extended to enriched random walks and enriched Brownian motion. We use…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-06-18 Laure Coutin , Laurent Decreusefond

We detail an approach to develop Stein's method for bounding integral metrics on probability measures defined on a Riemannian manifold $\mathbf M$. Our approach exploits the relationship between the generator of a diffusion on $\mathbf M$…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-04-28 Huiling Le , Alexander Lewis , Karthik Bharath , Christopher Fallaize

Sampling bias is a foundational concept in statistics; associated bias transforms, such as size bias, have come to play important roles in probability theory of late. The first author and G. Reinert introduced zero bias, a transform whose…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-04-03 Larry Goldstein , Todd Kemp

We study how iterated and composed completely positive maps act on operator-valued kernels. Each kernel is realized inside a single Hilbert space where composition corresponds to applying bounded creation operators to feature vectors. This…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-18 James Tian

I give a survey about my work on combinatorial and probabilistic aspects of free probability theory. In particular, I present the combinatorial description of freeness in terms of free cumulants and I give some ideas of the main results of…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Roland Speicher

We describe both quantum particles and classical particles in terms of a classical statistical ensemble, characterized by a probability distribution in phase space. By use of a wave function in phase space both can be treated in the same…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 C. Wetterich

In a digraph, a kernel is a subset of vertices that is both independent and absorbing. Kernels have important applications in combinatorics and outside. Kernels do not always exist and finding sufficient conditions ensuring their existence…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-05 Hélène Langlois , Frédéric Meunier

In this note, we develop some of the basic theory of s-finite (measures and) kernels, a little-studied class that Staton has recently argued convincingly to be precisely the semantic counterpart of (first-order) probabilistic programs. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Matthijs Vákár , Luke Ong

In quantum theory, the no-information-without-disturbance and no-free-information theorems express that those observables that do not disturb the measurement of another observable and those that can be measured jointly with any other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-10 Teiko Heinosaari , Leevi Leppäjärvi , Martin Plávala

The kernel method is an essential tool for the study of generating series of walks in the quarter plane. This method involves equating to zero a certain polynomial, the kernel polynomial, and using properties of the curve, the kernel curve,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-22 Thomas Dreyfus , Charlotte Hardouin , Julien Roques , Michael F. Singer

We illustrate how quantum information theory and free (i.e. noncommutative) semialgebraic geometry often study similar objects from different perspectives. We give examples in the context of positivity and separability, quantum magic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-05 Gemma De Las Cuevas , Tim Netzer

We provide new general kernel selection rules thanks to penalized least-squares criteria. We derive optimal oracle inequalities using adequate concentration tools. We also investigate the problem of minimal penalty as described in [BM07].

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-11-09 M Lerasle , N Magalhães , P Reynaud-Bouret

This survey is an introduction to positive definite kernels and the set of methods they have inspired in the machine learning literature, namely kernel methods. We first discuss some properties of positive definite kernels as well as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2009-12-04 Marco Cuturi

The probability folder of Mathlib, Lean's mathematical library, makes a heavy use of Markov kernels. We present their definition and properties and describe the formalization of the disintegration theorem for Markov kernels. That theorem is…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Rémy Degenne

We investigate how to determine whether the states of a set of quantum systems are identical or not. This paper treats both error-free comparison, and comparison where errors in the result are allowed. Error-free comparison means that we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Igor Jex , Erika Andersson , Anthony Chefles

Large-scale kernel approximation is an important problem in machine learning research. Approaches using random Fourier features have become increasingly popular [Rahimi and Recht, 2007], where kernel approximation is treated as empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-25 Wei-Cheng Chang , Chun-Liang Li , Yiming Yang , Barnabas Poczos

In this work, we construct a risk estimator for hard thresholding which can be used as a basis to solve the difficult task of automatically selecting the threshold. As hard thresholding is not even continuous, Stein's lemma cannot be used…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-01-25 Charles-Alban Deledalle , Gabriel Peyré , Jalal Fadili

We propose a nonparametric statistical test for goodness-of-fit: given a set of samples, the test determines how likely it is that these were generated from a target density function. The measure of goodness-of-fit is a divergence…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-09-28 Kacper Chwialkowski , Heiko Strathmann , Arthur Gretton

The theory of positive kernels and associated reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, especially in the setting of holomorphic functions, has been an important tool for the last several decades in a number of areas of complex analysis and…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2016-02-03 Joseph A. Ball , Gregory Marx , Victor Vinnikov