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The Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distance serves as a powerful tool for matching objects in metric spaces. However, its traditional formulation is constrained to pairwise matching between single objects, limiting its utility in scenarios and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Aryan Tajmir Riahi , Khanh Dao Duc

We introduce a new class of distances between nonnegative Radon measures in Euclidean spaces. They are modeled on the dynamical characterization of the Kantorovich-Rubinstein-Wasserstein distances proposed by Benamou-Brenier and provide a…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2014-09-16 Jean Dolbeault , Bruno Nazaret , Giuseppe Savare

In this paper we introduce a Wasserstein-type distance on the set of Gaussian mixture models. This distance is defined by restricting the set of possible coupling measures in the optimal transport problem to Gaussian mixture models. We…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-15 Julie Delon , Agnes Desolneux

Comparing structured objects such as graphs is a fundamental operation involved in many learning tasks. To this end, the Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distance, based on Optimal Transport (OT), has proven to be successful in handling the specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Cédric Vincent-Cuaz , Rémi Flamary , Marco Corneli , Titouan Vayer , Nicolas Courty

We introduce folded optimal transport, as a method to extend a cost or distance defined on the extreme boundary of a convex to the whole convex, related to convex extension. This construction broadens the framework of standard optimal…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Thomas Borsoni

Optimal transport is widely used in pure and applied mathematics to find probabilistic solutions to hard combinatorial matching problems. We extend the Wasserstein metric and other elements of optimal transport from the matching of sets to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-16 Evan Patterson

The Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distances define a family of metrics, based on ideas from optimal transport, which enable comparisons between probability measures defined on distinct metric spaces. They are particularly useful in areas such as…

The assignment problem, a cornerstone of operations research, seeks an optimal one-to-one mapping between agents and tasks to minimize total cost. This work traces its evolution from classical formulations and algorithms to modern optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-05 Iman Seyedi , Antonio Candelieri , Enza Messina , Francesco Archetti

We introduce a principled way of computing the Wasserstein distance between two distributions in a federated manner. Namely, we show how to estimate the Wasserstein distance between two samples stored and kept on different devices/clients…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Alain Rakotomamonjy , Kimia Nadjahi , Liva Ralaivola

The Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distance is a powerful tool for comparing metric measure spaces which has found broad applications in data science and machine learning. Driven by the need to analyze datasets whose objects have increasingly…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Martin Bauer , Facundo Mémoli , Tom Needham , Mao Nishino

In this paper, we introduce a variant of optimal transport adapted to the causal structure given by an underlying directed graph $G$. Different graph structures lead to different specifications of the optimal transport problem. For…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-08 Patrick Cheridito , Stephan Eckstein

We introduce the optimal transportation interpretation of the Kantorovich norm on thespace of signed Radon measures with finite mass, based on a generalized Wasserstein distancefor measures with different masses.With the formulation and the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-10-14 Benedetto Piccoli , Francesco Rossi , Magali Tournus

We introduce a novel, geometry-aware distance metric for the family of von Mises-Fisher (vMF) distributions, which are fundamental models for directional data on the unit hypersphere. Although the vMF distribution is widely employed in a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-22 Kisung You , Dennis Shung , Mauro Giuffrè

Comparing structured data from possibly different metric-measure spaces is a fundamental task in machine learning, with applications in, e.g., graph classification. The Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) discrepancy formulates a coupling between the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Hongwei Jin , Zishun Yu , Xinhua Zhang

In many real-world contexts, such as social or transport networks, data exhibit both structural connectivity and node-level attributes. For example, roads in a transport network can be characterized not only by their connectivity but also…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-18 Ioana Gavra , Ketsia Guichard-Sustowski , Loïc Le Marrec

Interactions and relations between objects may be pairwise or higher-order in nature, and so network-valued data are ubiquitous in the real world. The "space of networks", however, has a complex structure that cannot be adequately described…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2024-12-09 Stephen Y Zhang , Fangfei Lan , Youjia Zhou , Agnese Barbensi , Michael P H Stumpf , Bei Wang , Tom Needham

We discuss a new notion of distance on the space of finite and nonnegative measures which can be seen as a generalization of the well-known Kantorovich-Wasserstein distance. The new distance is based on a dynamical formulation given by an…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2018-01-17 Matthias Liero , Alexander Mielke , Giuseppe Savaré

Since the introduction of the Sliced Wasserstein distance in the literature, its simplicity and efficiency have made it one of the most interesting surrogate for the Wasserstein distance in image processing and machine learning. However,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-05 Eloi Tanguy , Laetitia Chapel , Julie Delon

We introduce a general framework for analyzing data modeled as parameterized families of networks. Building on a Gromov-Wasserstein variant of optimal transport, we define a family of parameterized Gromov-Wasserstein distances for comparing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-29 Mario Gómez , Guanqun Ma , Tom Needham , Bei Wang

Recently, two concepts from optimal transport theory have successfully been brought to the Gromov--Wasserstein (GW) setting. This introduces a linear version of the GW distance and multi-marginal GW transport. The former can reduce the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-11-16 Florian Beier , Robert Beinert