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This paper studies the hazard-free formula complexity of Boolean functions. Our first result shows that unate functions are the only Boolean functions for which the monotone formula complexity of the hazard-derivative equals the hazard-free…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Leah London Arazi , Amir Shpilka

Motivated by the resurgence of neural networks in being able to solve complex learning tasks we undertake a study of high depth networks using ReLU gates which implement the function $x \mapsto \max\{0,x\}$. We try to understand the role of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-11-10 Anirbit Mukherjee , Amitabh Basu

A fuzzy Boolean function is a map $f:\cube^n\to [0,1]$, where $n\in\mathbb N$. We introduce and compare three ways of saying that such a function has bounded complexity. The first is a sampling property: the value $f(x)$ can be recovered,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-22 Balazs Szegedy

The motivation for this paper is to study the complexity of constant-width arithmetic circuits. Our main results are the following. 1. For every k > 1, we provide an explicit polynomial that can be computed by a linear-sized monotone…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-08-14 V. Arvind , Pushkar S. Joglekar , Srikanth Srinivasan

An open problem in complexity theory is to find the minimal degree of a polynomial representing the $n$-bit OR function modulo composite $m$. This problem is related to understanding the power of circuits with $\text{MOD}_m$ gates where $m$…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-11-13 Holden Lee

Nielsen \cite{Nielsen05} recently asked the following question: "What is the minimal size quantum circuit required to exactly implement a specified $% \mathit{n}$-qubit unitary operation $U$, without the use of ancilla qubits?" Nielsen was…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-19 Milosh Drezgich , Shankar Sastry

We prove a new lower bound on the parity decision tree complexity $\mathsf{D}_{\oplus}(f)$ of a Boolean function $f$. Namely, granularity of the Boolean function $f$ is the smallest $k$ such that all Fourier coefficients of $f$ are integer…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-10-29 Anastasiya Chistopolskaya , Vladimir V. Podolskii

In this note, we consider the minimum number of NOT operators in a Boolean formula representing a Boolean function. In circuit complexity theory, the minimum number of NOT gates in a Boolean circuit computing a Boolean function $f$ is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-11-06 Hiroki Morizumi

We give the first super-polynomial separation in the power of bounded-depth boolean formulas vs. circuits. Specifically, we consider the problem Distance $k(n)$ Connectivity, which asks whether two specified nodes in a graph of size $n$ are…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-12-03 Benjamin Rossman

In arXiv:1710.08163 a generalization of Boolean circuits to arbitrary finite algebras had been introduced and applied to sketch P versus NP-complete borderline for circuits satisfiability over algebras from congruence modular varieties.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Paweł M. Idziak , Piotr Kawałek , Jacek Krzaczkowski

We study nondeterministic communication complexity and related concepts (fooling sets, fractional covering number) of random functions $f\colon X\times Y \to \{0,1\}$ where each value is chosen to be 1 independently with probability…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-12-05 Mozhgan Pourmoradnasseri , Dirk Oliver Theis

We prove a lower bound of $\Omega\left(n^{1.5}\right)$ for the number of product gates in non-commutative arithmetic circuits for an explicit $n$-variate degree-$n$ polynomial $f_{n}$ (over every field). We observe that this implies that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Ran Raz

We study depth lower bounds against non-monotone circuits, parametrized by a new measure of non-monotonicity: the orientation of a function $f$ is the characteristic vector of the minimum sized set of negated variables needed in any…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-02-04 Sajin Koroth , Jayalal Sarma

To determine the dimension of null space of any given linearized polynomial is one of vital problems in finite field theory, with concern to design of modern symmetric cryptosystems. But, the known general theory for this task is much far…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-29 Sihem Mesnager , Kwang Ho Kim , Myong Song Jo

In the noisy query model, the (binary) return value of every query (possibly repeated) is independently flipped with some fixed probability $p \in (0, 1/2)$. In this paper, we obtain tight bounds on the noisy query complexity of several…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Yuzhou Gu , Xin Li , Yinzhan Xu

We prove that the Fourier dimension of any Boolean function with Fourier sparsity $s$ is at most $O\left(s^{2/3}\right)$. Our proof method yields an improved bound of $\widetilde{O}(\sqrt{s})$ assuming a conjecture of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-07-15 Swagato Sanyal

We describe a $\tilde{O}(d^{5/6})$-query monotonicity tester for Boolean functions $f:[n]^d \to \{0,1\}$ on the $n$-hypergrid. This is the first $o(d)$ monotonicity tester with query complexity independent of $n$. Motivated by this…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Hadley Black , Deeparnab Chakrabarty , C. Seshadhri

We establish a lower bound of $2^n$ conditional branches for deciding the satisfiability of the conjunction of any two Boolean formulas from a set called a full representation of Boolean functions of $n$ variables - a set containing a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-06-25 Samuel C. Hsieh

Recently, Forbes, Kumar and Saptharishi [CCC, 2016] proved that there exists an explicit $d^{O(1)}$-variate and degree $d$ polynomial $P_{d}\in VNP$ such that if any depth four circuit $C$ of bounded formal degree $d$ which computes a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Suryajith Chillara

Any monotone Boolean circuit computing the $n$-dimensional Boolean convolution requires at least $n^2$ and-gates. This precisely matches the obvious upper bound.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Mike S. Paterson