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Ice cores record crucial information about past climate. However, before ice core data can have scientific value, the chronology must be inferred by estimating the age as a function of depth. Under certain conditions, chemicals locked in…
Predictive modeling in archaeology is essential for the understanding of people's behavior in the past and for guiding heritage conservation. However, spatial sampling bias caused by uneven research effort can severely limit model…
Using a graph-based approach, we propose a multiscale permutation entropy to explore the complexity of multivariate time series over multiple time scales. This multivariate multiscale permutation entropy (MPEG) incorporates the interaction…
Accurately estimating high-order moments of quantum states is an elementary precondition for many crucial tasks in quantum computing, such as entanglement spectroscopy, entropy estimation, spectrum estimation, and predicting non-linear…
A method for analyzing sequential data sets, similar to the permutation entropy one, is discussed. The characteristic features of this method are as follows: it preserves information about equal values, if any, in the embedding vectors; it…
A primary objective of the NASA Earth-Sun Exploration Technology Office is to understand the observed Earth climate variability, thus enabling the determination and prediction of the climate's response to both natural and human-induced…
Identification of anomalous events within system logs constitutes a pivotal element within the frame- work of cybersecurity defense strategies. However, this process faces numerous challenges, including the management of substantial data…
Evidence of jet precession in many galactic and extragalactic sources has been reported in the literature. Much of this evidence is based on studies of the kinematics of the jet knots, which depends on the correct identification of the…
White noise measurement can provide very useful information in addition to normal transport measurements. For example thermal noise measurement can be used at sub Kelvin temperature to determine the absolute electron temperature without…
One form of big data are signals - time series of consecutive values. In physical experiments, billions of values can now be measured within a second. Signals of heart and brain in intensive care, as well as seismic waves, are measured with…
Change point detection (CPD) aims to locate abrupt property changes in time series data. Recent CPD methods demonstrated the potential of using deep learning techniques, but often lack the ability to identify more subtle changes in the…
Time series anomaly detection is important in modern large-scale systems and is applied in a variety of domains to analyze and monitor the operation of diverse systems. Unsupervised approaches have received widespread interest, as they do…
We introduce a class of exactly solvable models which exhibit an ordering noise-induced phase transition driven by an entropic mechanism. In contrast with previous studies, order does not appear in this case as a result of an instability of…
Understanding the high-pressure phase behavior of carbon dioxide-hydrocarbon mixtures is of considerable interest owing to their wide range of applications. Under certain conditions, these systems are not amenable to direct visual…
We introduce a novel geometry-oriented methodology, based on the emerging tools of topological data analysis, into the change point detection framework. The key rationale is that change points are likely to be associated with changes in…
The efficiency of a feedback mechanism depends on the precision of the measurement outcomes obtained from the controlled system. Accordingly, measurement errors affect the entropy production in the system. We explore this issue in the…
The characteristic energy of a relic dark matter interaction with a detector scales strongly with the putative dark matter mass. Consequently, experimental search sensitivity at the lightest masses will always come from interactions whose…
We introduce a simple yet powerful {\it analytic} method which obtains the structure of cosmic microwave background anisotropies to better than 5-10\% in temperature fluctuations on {\it all} scales. It is applicable to {\it any} model in…
State-of-the-art physics experiments require high-resolution, low-noise, and low-threshold detectors to achieve competitive scientific results. However, experimental environments invariably introduce sources of noise, such as electrical…
The goal of animal movement analysis is to understand how organisms explore and exploit the complex and varying environment. Animals usually exhibit varied and complicated movements, from apparently deterministic behaviors to highly random…