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The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is providing unprecedented high-resolution images of supermassive black holes. These images are fundamentally related to properties of the luminous accretion disks, since black holes themselves produce no…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-13 Alexandra G. Guerrero , Daniel E. Holz

Thanks to the release of the extraordinary EHT image of shadow attributed to the M87* supermassive black hole (SMBH), we have a novel window to assess the validity of fundamental physics in the strong-field regime. Motivated by this, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-22 Mohsen Khodadi , Gaetano Lambiase , David F. Mota

A mathematically consistent rotating black hole model in loop quantum gravity (LQG) is yet lacking. The scarcity of rotating black hole solutions in LQG substantially hampers the development of testing LQG from observations, e.g., from the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-25 Shafqat Ul Islam , Jitendra Kumar , Rahul Kumar Walia , Sushant G. Ghosh

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has significantly advanced our ability to study black holes, achieving unprecedented spatial resolution and revealing horizon-scale structures. Notably, these observations feature a distinctive dark…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-22 Yifan Chen , Ran Ding , Yuxin Liu , Yosuke Mizuno , Jing Shu , Haiyue Yu , Yanjie Zeng

The 1.3 mm ground-based very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) array, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), is limited by the Earth's diameter and can image the supermassive black hole (SMBH) shadows of only M87* and Sgr A*. Extending the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-07 Shan-Shan Zhao , Ru-Sen Lu , Lei Liu , Zhiqiang Shen

Astrophysical black holes are expected to be described by the Kerr metric. This is the only stationary, vacuum, axisymmetric metric, without electromagnetic charge, that satisfies Einstein's equations and does not have pathologies outside…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-11-17 The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration

We review the physical origins for possible visible images of the supermassive black hole M87* in the galaxy M87 and SgrA* in the Milky Way Galaxy. The classical dark black hole shadow of the maximal size is visible in the case of luminous…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-12-28 V. I. Dokuchaev , N. O. Nazarova

The black hole shadow, first observed by the Event Horizon Telescope in 2017, is the newest method for studying black holes and understanding gravity. Much work has gone into understanding the shadow of a Kerr black hole, including all of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-25 Dimitry Ayzenberg

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), a global sub-millimeter wavelength very long baseline interferometry array, is now resolving the innermost regions around the supermassive black holes Sgr A* and M87. Using black hole images from both…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-23 Angelo Ricarte , Jason Dexter

Simulated images of a black hole surrounded by optically thin emission typically display two main features: a central brightness depression and a narrow, bright "photon ring" consisting of strongly lensed images superposed on top of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-09-08 Andrew Chael , Michael D. Johnson , Alexandru Lupsasca

Jet models of Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) data should also conform to the observed jet profiles just downstream. This study evaluates conformance of models of black hole jets to images of the innermost jet of M87. This is a basic test…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-07-10 Brian Punsly

With the imaging and characterization of the horizon-scale images of M87* and Sgr A* by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), it has become possible to resolve the near-horizon region of astrophysical black holes. As a result, there has been…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-31 Avery E. Broderick , Kiana Salehi , Boris Georgiev

We present a method for determining the physical parameters of a Kerr-Newman black hole through shadow observation. In a system comprising a Kerr-Newman black hole, an observer, and a light source, the relevant parameters are mass $M$,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-17 Kenta Hioki , Umpei Miyamoto

Our understanding of strong gravity near supermassive compact objects has recently improved thanks to the measurements made by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). We use here the M87* shadow size to infer constraints on the physical charges…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-06-02 Prashant Kocherlakota , Luciano Rezzolla , Heino Falcke , Christian M. Fromm , Michael Kramer , Yosuke Mizuno , Antonios Nathanail , Hector Olivares , Ziri Younsi , Kazunori Akiyama , Antxon Alberdi , Walter Alef , Juan Carlos Algaba , Richard Anantua , Keiichi Asada , Rebecca Azulay , Anne-Kathrin Baczko , David Ball , Mislav Balokovic , John Barrett , Bradford A. Benson , Dan Bintley , Lindy Blackburn , Raymond Blundell , Wilfred Boland , Katherine L. Bouman , Geoffrey C. Bower , Hope Boyce , Michael Bremer , Christiaan D. Brinkerink , Roger Brissenden , Silke Britzen , Avery E. Broderick , Dominique Broguiere , Thomas Bronzwaer , Do-Young Byun , John E. Carlstrom , Andrew Chael , Chi-kwan Chan , Shami Chatterjee , Koushik Chatterjee , Ming-Tang Chen , Yongjun Chen , Paul M. Chesler , Ilje Cho , Pierre Christian , John E. Conway , James M. Cordes , Thomas M. Crawford , Geoffrey B. Crew , Alejandro Cruz-Osorio , Yuzhu Cui , Jordy Davelaar , Mariafelicia De Laurentis , Roger Deane , Jessica Dempsey , Gregory Desvignes , Sheperd S. Doeleman , Ralph P. Eatough , Joseph Farah , Vincent L. Fish , Ed Fomalont , Raquel Fraga-Encinas , Per Friberg , H. Alyson Ford , Antonio Fuentes , Peter Galison , Charles F. Gammie , Roberto Garcia , Olivier Gentaz , Boris Georgiev , Ciriaco Goddi , Roman Gold , Jose L. Gomez , Arturo I. Gomez-Ruiz , Minfeng Gu , Mark Gurwell , Kazuhiro Hada , Daryl Haggard , Michael H. Hecht , Ronald Hesper , Luis C. Ho , Paul Ho , Mareki Honma , Chih-Wei L. Huang , Lei Huang , David H. Hughes , Shiro Ikeda , Makoto Inoue , Sara Issaoun , David J. James , Buell T. Jannuzi , Michael Janssen , Britton Jeter , Wu Jiang , Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales , Michael D. Johnson , Svetlana Jorstad , Taehyun Jung , Mansour Karami , Ramesh Karuppusamy , Tomohisa Kawashima , Garrett K. Keating , Mark Kettenis , Dong-Jin Kim , Jae-Young Kim , Jongsoo Kim , Junhan Kim , Motoki Kino , Jun Yi Koay , Yutaro Kofuji , Patrick M. Koch , Shoko Koyama , Carsten Kramer , Thomas P. Krichbaum , Cheng-Yu Kuo , Tod R. Lauer , Sang-Sung Lee , Aviad Levis , Yan-Rong Li , Zhiyuan Li , Michael Lindqvist , Rocco Lico , Greg Lindahl , Jun Liu , Kuo Liu , Elisabetta Liuzzo , Wen-Ping Lo , Andrei P. Lobanov , Laurent Loinard , Colin Lonsdale , Ru-Sen Lu , Nicholas R. MacDonald , Jirong Mao , Nicola Marchili , Sera Markoff , Daniel P. Marrone , Alan P. Marscher , Ivan Marti-Vidal , Satoki Matsushita , Lynn D. Matthews , Lia Medeiros , Karl M. Menten , Izumi Mizuno , James M. Moran , Kotaro Moriyama , Monika Moscibrodzka , Cornelia Muller , Gibwa Musoke , Alejandro Mus Mejias , Hiroshi Nagai , Neil M. Nagar , Masanori Nakamura , Ramesh Narayan , Gopal Narayanan , Iniyan Natarajan , Joseph Neilsen , Roberto Neri , Chunchong Ni , Aristeidis Noutsos , Michael A. Nowak , Hiroki Okino , Gisela N. Ortiz-Leon , Tomoaki Oyama , Feryal Ozel , Daniel C. M. Palumbo , Jongho Park , Nimesh Patel , Ue-Li Pen , Dominic W. Pesce , Vincent Pietu , Richard Plambeck , Aleksandar PopStefanija , Oliver Porth , Felix M. Potzl , Ben Prather , Jorge A. Preciado-Lopez , Dimitrios Psaltis , Hung-Yi Pu , Venkatessh Ramakrishnan , Ramprasad Rao , Mark G. Rawlings , Alexander W. Raymond , Angelo Ricarte , Bart Ripperda , Freek Roelofs , Alan Rogers , Eduardo Ros , Mel Rose , Arash Roshanineshat , Helge Rottmann , Alan L. Roy , Chet Ruszczyk , Kazi L. J. Rygl , Salvador Sanchez , David Sanchez-Arguelles , Mahito Sasada , Tuomas Savolainen , F. Peter Schloerb , Karl-Friedrich Schuster , Lijing Shao , Zhiqiang Shen , Des Small , Bong Won Sohn , Jason SooHoo , He Sun , Fumie Tazaki , Alexandra J. Tetarenko , Paul Tiede , Remo P. J. Tilanus , Michael Titus , Kenji Toma , Pablo Torne , Tyler Trent , Efthalia Traianou , Sascha Trippe , Ilse van Bemmel , Huib Jan van Langevelde , Daniel R. van Rossum , Jan Wagner , Derek Ward-Thompson , John Wardle , Jonathan Weintroub , Norbert Wex , Robert Wharton , Maciek Wielgus , George N. Wong , Qingwen Wu , Doosoo Yoon , Andre Young , Ken Young , Feng Yuan , Ye-Fei Yuan , J. Anton Zensus , Guang-Yao Zhao , Shan-Shan Zhao , The EHT Collaboration

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) images of the supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy M 87 provided the first image of the accretion environment on horizon scales. General relativity predicts that the image of the shadow…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-14 Paul Tiede , Avery E. Broderick , Daniel C. M. Palumbo , Andrew Chael

Testing gravity theory in the strong field region becomes a reality due to the observations of gravitational waves and black hole shadows. In this paper, we discuss how to constrain the possible deviations of the classical general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-10 S. X. Tian , Zong-Hong Zhu

In general relativity, the angular radius of the shadow of a black hole is primarily determined by its mass-to-distance ratio and depends only weakly on its spin and inclination. If general relativity is violated, however, the shadow size…

Context. The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration recently obtained first images of the surroundings of the supermassive compact object M87* at the center of the galaxy M87. Aims. We want to develop a simple analytic disk model for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-03 F. H. Vincent , M. Wielgus , M. A. Abramowicz , E. Gourgoulhon , J. -P. Lasota , T. Paumard , G. Perrin

The images of the supermassive black holes Sgr A* and M87* by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration mark a special milestone in the history of the subject. For the first time we are able to see the shadow of black holes, testing…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-08-02 Heino Falcke

The horizon-scale images of supermassive black holes (BHs) by the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (EHT) have provided new opportunities to test general relativity and other theories of gravity. In view of future projects, such as the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-12 Akhil Uniyal , Indu K. Dihingia , Yosuke Mizuno , Luciano Rezzolla