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We introduce several modifications of the partitioning schemes used in Hoare's quicksort and quickselect algorithms, including ternary schemes which identify keys less or greater than the pivot. We give estimates for the numbers of swaps…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Krzysztof C. Kiwiel

We present sorting algorithms that represent the fastest known techniques for a wide range of input sizes, input distributions, data types, and machines. A part of the speed advantage is due to the feature to work in-place. Previously, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Michael Axtmann , Sascha Witt , Daniel Ferizovic , Peter Sanders

We explored an uncharted part of the solution space for sorting algorithms: the role of symmetry in divide&conquer algorithms. We found/designed novel simple binary Quicksort and Mergesort algorithms operating in contiguous space which…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Jens Oehlschlägel

We consider the problem of sorting $n$ items, given the outcomes of $m$ pre-existing comparisons. We present a simple and natural deterministic algorithm that runs in $O(m + \log T)$ time and does $O(\log T)$ comparisons, where $T$ is the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Bernhard Haeupler , Richard Hladík , John Iacono , Vaclav Rozhon , Robert Tarjan , Jakub Tětek

In this paper, we propose a useful replacement for quicksort-style utility functions. The replacement is called Symmetry Partition Sort, which has essentially the same principle as Proportion Extend Sort. The maximal difference between them…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-06-04 Jing-Chao Chen

Sorting and hashing are two completely different concepts in computer science, and appear mutually exclusive to one another. Hashing is a search method using the data as a key to map to the location within memory, and is used for rapid…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 William F. Gilreath

We provide a probabilistic analysis of the output of Quicksort when comparisons can err.

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 L. Alonso , P. Chassaing , F. Gillet , S. Janson , E. M. Reingold , R. Schott

We give a more space-efficient implementation of adaptive mergesort: Virtual-Memory Powersort. Using internal buffering techniques, we significantly reduce the memory consumption of the algorithm; specifically, for sorting $n$ objects the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Finn Moltmann , Tamio-Vesa Nakajima , Sebastian Wild

This paper shows an application of the theory of sorting networks to facilitate the synthesis of optimized general purpose sorting libraries. Standard sorting libraries are often based on combinations of the classic Quicksort algorithm with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-08-09 Michael Codish , Luís Cruz-Filipe , Markus Nebel , Peter Schneider-Kamp

One of the greatest algorithms of all time is Quicksort. Its average running time is famously O(nlog(n)), and its variance, less famously, is O(n^2) (hence its standard deviation is O(n)). But what about higher moments? Here we find…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-03-12 Shalosh B. Ekhad , Doron Zeilberger

We analyse a generalisation of the Quicksort algorithm, where k uniformly at random chosen pivots are used for partitioning an array of n distinct keys. Specifically, the expected cost of this scheme is obtained, under the assumption of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Vasileios Iliopoulos

Various decision support systems are available that implement Data Mining and Data Warehousing techniques for diving into the sea of data for getting useful patterns of knowledge (pearls). Classification, regression, clustering, and many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Mohammad Khalid Imam Rahmani

Estimating the selectivity of a query is a key step in almost any cost-based query optimizer. Most of today's databases rely on histograms or samples that are periodically refreshed by re-scanning the data as the underlying data changes.…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Yongjoo Park , Shucheng Zhong , Barzan Mozafari

We present a new adaptive sorting algorithm which is optimal for most disorder metrics and, more important, has a simple and quick implementation. On input $X$, our algorithm has a theoretical $\Omega (|X|)$ lower bound and a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-07-24 Marcello La Rocca , Domenico Cantone

We empirically study sorting in the evolving data model. In this model, a sorting algorithm maintains an approximation to the sorted order of a list of data items while simultaneously, with each comparison made by the algorithm, an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-05-16 Juan Jose Besa , William E. Devanny , David Eppstein , Michael Goodrich , Timothy Johnson

Sorting a set of items is a task that can be useful by itself or as a building block for more complex operations. The more sophisticated and fast sorting algorithms become asymptotically, the less efficient they are for small sets of items…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-08-23 Jasper Marianczuk

Semisort is a fundamental algorithmic primitive widely used in the design and analysis of efficient parallel algorithms. It takes input as an array of records and a function extracting a \emph{key} per record, and reorders them so that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Xiaojun Dong , Yunshu Wu , Zhongqi Wang , Laxman Dhulipala , Yan Gu , Yihan Sun

We present the first in-place algorithm for sorting an array of size n that performs, in the worst case, at most O(n log n) element comparisons and O(n) element transports. This solves a long-standing open problem, stated explicitly, e.g.,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Gianni Franceschini , Viliam Geffert

The Quickselect algorithm (also called FIND) is a fundamental algorithm for selecting ranks or quantiles within a set of data. Gr\"ubel and R\"osler showed that the number of key comparisons required by Quickselect considered as a process…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-12-31 Jasper Ischebeck , Ralph Neininger

Sorting algorithms are the deciding factor for the performance of common operations such as removal of duplicates or database sort-merge joins. This work focuses on 32-bit integer keys, optionally paired with a 32-bit value. We present a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-09-07 Jan Wassenberg , Peter Sanders