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Third-party library reuse has become common practice in contemporary software development, as it includes several benefits for developers. Library dependencies are constantly evolving, with newly added features and patches that fix bugs in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Raula Gaikovina Kula , Daniel M. German , Ali Ouni , Takashi Ishio , Katsuro Inoue

Third-party libraries are a central building block to develop software systems. However, outdated third-party libraries are commonly used, and developers are usually less aware of the potential risks. Therefore, a quantitative and holistic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Ying Wang , Bihuan Chen , Kaifeng Huang , Bowen Shi , Congying Xu , Xin Peng , Yang Liu , Yijian Wu

Understanding vulnerability propagation is essential for assessing how vulnerabilities spread across components of a software package. This supports more accurate impact analysis and enhances threat detection and mitigation. In this paper,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Michael Robinson , Sajal Halder , Muhammad Ejaz Ahmed , Muhammad Ikram , Seyit Camtepe , Hyoungshick Kim

Open-source libraries are widely used by software developers to speed up the development of products, however, they can introduce security vulnerabilities, leading to incidents like Log4Shell. With the expanding usage of open-source…

Software vulnerabilities have a large negative impact on the software systems that we depend on daily. Reports on software vulnerabilities always paint a grim picture, with some reports showing that 83% of organizations depend on vulnerable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Mahmoud Alfadel , Diego Elias Costa , Mouafak Mokhallalati , Emad Shihab , Bram Adams

Third-party libraries (TPLs) are frequently reused in software to reduce development cost and the time to market. However, external library dependencies may introduce vulnerabilities into host applications. The issue of library dependency…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Wei Tang , Zhengzi Xu , Chengwei Liu , Jiahui Wu , Shouguo Yang , Yi Li , Ping Luo , Yang Liu

While JavaScript established itself as a cornerstone of the modern web, it also constitutes a major tracking and security vector, thus raising critical privacy and security concerns. In this context, some browser extensions propose to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Romain Fouquet , Pierre Laperdrix , Romain Rouvoy

Open-Source Projects and Libraries are being used in software development while also bearing multiple security vulnerabilities. This use of third party ecosystem creates a new kind of attack surface for a product in development. An…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-15 Lorenzo Neil , Sudip Mittal , Anupam Joshi

JavaScript, a scripting language employed to augment the capabilities of web browsers within web pages or browser extensions, utilizes code segments termed JavaScript inclusions. While the security aspects of JavaScript inclusions in web…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chong Guan

The security of the Internet rests on a small number of open-source cryptographic libraries: a vulnerability in any one of them threatens to compromise a significant percentage of web traffic. Despite this potential for security impact, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Jenny Blessing , Michael A. Specter , Daniel J. Weitzner

This paper performs a large-scale study of dependency chains in the web, to find that around 50% of first-party websites render content that they did not directly load. Although the majority (84.91%) of websites have short dependency chains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Muhammad Ikram , Rahat Masood , Gareth Tyson , Mohamed Ali Kaafar , Roya Ensafi

Reusing software libraries is a pillar of modern software engineering. In 2022, the average Java application depends on 40 third-party libraries. Relying on such libraries exposes a project to potential vulnerabilities and may put an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Amir M. Mir , Mehdi Keshani , Sebastian Proksch

The Web is a tangled mass of interconnected services, where websites import a range of external resources from various third-party domains. However, the latter can further load resources hosted on other domains. For each website, this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Muhammad Ikram , Rahat Masood , Gareth Tyson , Mohamed Ali Kaafar , Noha Loizon , Roya Ensafi

BACKGROUND: Vulnerable dependencies are a known problem in today's open-source software ecosystems because OSS libraries are highly interconnected and developers do not always update their dependencies. AIMS: In this paper we aim to present…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-30 Ivan Pashchenko , Henrik Plate , Serena Elisa Ponta , Antonino Sabetta , Fabio Massacci

Software intensively depends on external libraries whose relevance may change during its life cycle. As a consequence, software developers must periodically reconsider the libraries they depend on, and must think about \textit{library…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-06-27 Cédric Teyton , Jean-Rémy Falleri , Marc Palyart , Xavier Blanc

Although using third-party libraries is common practice when writing software, vulnerabilities may be found even in well-known libraries. Detected vulnerabilities are often fixed quickly in the library code. The easiest way to include these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Kristiina Rahkema , Dietmar Pfahl

Modern software systems are often built by leveraging code written by others in the form of libraries and packages to accelerate their development. While there are many benefits to using third-party packages, software projects often become…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Jasmine Latendresse , Suhaib Mujahid , Diego Elias Costa , Emad Shihab

Security vulnerabilities introduced by applications using third-party dependencies are on the increase, caused by the emergence of large ecosystems of libraries such as the NPM packages for JavaScript. Nowadays, libraries depend on each…

JavaScript packages are notoriously prone to bloat, a factor that significantly impacts the performance and maintainability of web applications. While web bundlers and tree-shaking can mitigate this issue in client-side applications,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yuxin Liu , Deepika Tiwari , Cristian Bogdan , Benoit Baudry

Software libraries are central to the functionality, security, and maintainability of modern code. As developers increasingly turn to Large Language Models (LLMs) to assist with programming tasks, understanding how these models recommend…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Jasmine Latendresse , SayedHassan Khatoonabadi , Emad Shihab
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