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To solve Math Word Problems, human students leverage diverse reasoning logic that reaches different possible equation solutions. However, the mainstream sequence-to-sequence approach of automatic solvers aims to decode a fixed solution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Yibin Shen , Qianying Liu , Zhuoyuan Mao , Zhen Wan , Fei Cheng , Sadao Kurohashi

When neural networks are used to solve differential equations, they usually produce solutions in the form of black-box functions that are not directly mathematically interpretable. We introduce a method for generating symbolic expressions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Maysum Panju , Ali Ghodsi

Recent years have seen significant advancement in text generation tasks with the help of neural language models. However, there exists a challenging task: generating math problem text based on mathematical equations, which has made little…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Tianyang Cao , Shuang Zeng , Songge Zhao , Mairgup Mansur , Baobao Chang

Previous math word problem solvers following the encoder-decoder paradigm fail to explicitly incorporate essential math symbolic constraints, leading to unexplainable and unreasonable predictions. Herein, we propose Neural-Symbolic Solver…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Jinghui Qin , Xiaodan Liang , Yining Hong , Jianheng Tang , Liang Lin

Developing automatic Math Word Problem (MWP) solvers is a challenging task that demands the ability of understanding and mathematical reasoning over the natural language. Recent neural-based approaches mainly encode the problem text using a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Youyuan Zhang

This paper proposes a Transformer-based model to generate equations for math word problems. It achieves much better results than RNN models when copy and align mechanisms are not used, and can outperform complex copy and align RNN models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Yuanliang Meng , Anna Rumshisky

Automatic question generation aims to generate questions from a text passage where the generated questions can be answered by certain sub-spans of the given passage. Traditional methods mainly use rigid heuristic rules to transform a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-19 Qingyu Zhou , Nan Yang , Furu Wei , Chuanqi Tan , Hangbo Bao , Ming Zhou

A practical automatic textual math word problems (MWPs) solver should be able to solve various textual MWPs while most existing works only focused on one-unknown linear MWPs. Herein, we propose a simple but efficient method called Universal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Jinghui Qin , Lihui Lin , Xiaodan Liang , Rumin Zhang , Liang Lin

A critical question about Large Language Models (LLMs) is whether their apparent deficiency in mathematical reasoning is inherent, or merely a result of insufficient exposure to high-quality mathematical data. To explore this, we developed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Zenan Li , Zhi Zhou , Yuan Yao , Yu-Feng Li , Chun Cao , Fan Yang , Xian Zhang , Xiaoxing Ma

We describe a neural-based method for generating exact or approximate solutions to differential equations in the form of mathematical expressions. Unlike other neural methods, our system returns symbolic expressions that can be interpreted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Maysum Panju , Kourosh Parand , Ali Ghodsi

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at various tasks, including problem-solving and question-answering. However, LLMs often find Math Word Problems (MWPs) challenging because solving them requires a range of reasoning and mathematical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Mitchell Piehl , Dillon Wilson , Ananya Kalita , Jugal Kalita

This paper presents a novel approach to automatically solving arithmetic word problems. This is the first algorithmic approach that can handle arithmetic problems with multiple steps and operations, without depending on additional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-08-23 Subhro Roy , Dan Roth

The art of mathematical reasoning stands as a fundamental pillar of intellectual progress and is a central catalyst in cultivating human ingenuity. Researchers have recently published a plethora of works centered around the task of solving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Syed Rifat Raiyan , Md. Nafis Faiyaz , Shah Md. Jawad Kabir , Mohsinul Kabir , Hasan Mahmud , Md Kamrul Hasan

Generating mathematical equations from natural language requires an accurate understanding of the relations among math expressions. Existing approaches can be broadly categorized into token-level and expression-level generation. The former…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Qingpeng Nong , Zeqi Tan , Yanna Ma , Weiming Lu

Numerical reasoning is vital for natural language processing models to understand and process numerical information in real-world scenarios. Most current methods first generate the Intermediate Meaning Representations (IMRs) of questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Dingzirui Wang , Longxu Dou , Wenbin Zhang , Junyu Zeng , Wanxiang Che

Automatically generating high-quality step-by-step solutions to math word problems has many applications in education. Recently, combining large language models (LLMs) with external tools to perform complex reasoning and calculation has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Joy He-Yueya , Gabriel Poesia , Rose E. Wang , Noah D. Goodman

Automated math word problem solvers based on neural networks have successfully managed to obtain 70-80\% accuracy in solving arithmetic word problems. However, it has been shown that these solvers may rely on superficial patterns to obtain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Abby Newcomb , Jugal Kalita

Solving symbolic reasoning problems that require compositionality and systematicity is considered one of the key ingredients of human intelligence. However, symbolic reasoning is still a great challenge for deep learning models, which often…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Flavio Petruzzellis , Alberto Testolin , Alessandro Sperduti

Solving mathematical word problems (MWPs) automatically is challenging, primarily due to the semantic gap between human-readable words and machine-understandable logics. Despite the long history dated back to the1960s, MWPs have regained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Dongxiang Zhang , Lei Wang , Luming Zhang , Bing Tian Dai , Heng Tao Shen

We present a method for generating training data for reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards to improve small open-weights language models on mathematical tasks. Existing data generation approaches rely on open-loop pipelines and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Teresa Yeo , Myeongho Jeon , Dulaj Weerakoon , Rui Qiao , Alok Prakash , Armando Solar-Lezama , Archan Misra
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