English
Related papers

Related papers: Test & Roll: Profit-Maximizing A/B Tests

200 papers

A/B testing refers to the statistical procedure of conducting an experiment to compare two treatments, A and B, applied to different testing subjects. It is widely used by technology companies such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and Netflix, to…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Victoria Pokhiko , Qiong Zhang , Lulu Kang , D'arcy P. Mays

A/B testing has become a gold standard for modern technological companies to conduct policy evaluation. Yet, its application to time series experiments, where policies are sequentially assigned over time, remains challenging. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xiangkun Wu , Qianglin Wen , Yingying Zhang , Hongtu Zhu , Ting Li , Chengchun Shi

On-line experimentation (also known as A/B testing) has become an integral part of software development. To timely incorporate user feedback and continuously improve products, many software companies have adopted the culture of agile…

Applications · Statistics 2019-08-13 Yu Wang , Somit Gupta , Jiannan Lu , Ali Mahmoudzadeh , Sophia Liu

For many application areas A/B testing, which partitions users of a system into an A (control) and B (treatment) group to experiment between several application designs, enables Internet companies to optimize their services to the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Shuchi Chawla , Jason D. Hartline , Denis Nekipelov

Utilizing randomized experiments to evaluate the effect of short-term treatments on the short-term outcomes has been well understood and become the golden standard in industrial practice. However, as service systems become increasingly…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-10 Shuze Chen , David Simchi-Levi , Chonghuan Wang

This paper studies sample-size design for finite-population test-and-roll experiments, where a decision-maker first conducts an experiment on $m$ units and then assigns the remaining $N-m$ units to the treatment that performs better in the…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-05 Kentaro Kawato , Shosei Sakaguchi

A/B-tests are a cornerstone of experimental design on the web, with wide-ranging applications and use-cases. The statistical $t$-test comparing differences in means is the most commonly used method for assessing treatment effects, often…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-25 Olivier Jeunen

In this paper, we examine the biases that arise when firms run A/B tests on continuous parameters to estimate global treatment effects on performance metrics of interest; we particularly focus on price experiments to measure the price…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-22 Ramesh Johari , Orrie B. Page , Gabriel Y. Weintraub

Motivated by A/B/n testing applications, we consider a finite set of distributions (called \emph{arms}), one of which is treated as a \emph{control}. We assume that the population is stratified into homogeneous subpopulations. At every time…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-01 Yoan Russac , Christina Katsimerou , Dennis Bohle , Olivier Cappé , Aurélien Garivier , Wouter Koolen

A/B testing is a core tool for decision-making in business experimentation, particularly in digital platforms and marketplaces. Practitioners often prioritize lift in performance metrics while seeking to control the costs of false…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-21 Pallavi Basu , Ron Berman

In A/B testing two variants of a piece of software are compared in the field from an end user's point of view, enabling data-driven decision making. While widely used in practice, no comprehensive study has been conducted on the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Federico Quin , Danny Weyns , Matthias Galster , Camila Costa Silva

Online controlled experiments, or A/B tests, are large-scale randomized trials in digital environments. This paper investigates the estimands of the difference-in-means estimator in these experiments, focusing on scenarios with repeated…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-12 Sebastian Ankargren , Mattias Frånberg , Mårten Schultzberg

A/B testing is a widely-used paradigm within marketing optimization because it promises identification of causal effects and because it is implemented out of the box in most messaging delivery software platforms. Modern businesses, however,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Schaun Wheeler

A/B testing, a widely used form of Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), is a fundamental tool in business data analysis and experimental design. However, despite its intent to maintain randomness, A/B testing often faces challenges that…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-13 Zihao Zheng , Carol Liu

When developing a new networking algorithm, it is established practice to run a randomized experiment, or A/B test, to evaluate its performance. In an A/B test, traffic is randomly allocated between a treatment group, which uses the new…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Bruce Spang , Veronica Hannan , Shravya Kunamalla , Te-Yuan Huang , Nick McKeown , Ramesh Johari

We study ratio metrics in A/B testing at the presence of correlation among observations coming from the same user and provides practical guidance especially when two metrics contradict each other. We propose new estimating methods to…

Applications · Statistics 2020-07-24 Keyu Nie , Yinfei Kong , Ted Tao Yuan , Pauline Berry Burke

A/B testing refers to the task of determining the best option among two alternatives that yield random outcomes. We provide distribution-dependent lower bounds for the performance of A/B testing that improve over the results currently…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-02-25 Emilie Kaufmann , Olivier Cappé , Aurélien Garivier

A/B tests have been widely adopted across industries as the golden rule that guides decision making. However, the long-term true north metrics we ultimately want to drive through A/B test may take a long time to mature. In these situations,…

Applications · Statistics 2021-06-04 Weitao Duan , Shan Ba , Chunzhe Zhang

Online controlled experiments are a crucial tool to allow for confident decision-making in technology companies. A North Star metric is defined (such as long-term revenue or user retention), and system variants that statistically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Olivier Jeunen , Aleksei Ustimenko

A/B testing, or online experiment is a standard business strategy to compare a new product with an old one in pharmaceutical, technological, and traditional industries. Major challenges arise in online experiments of two-sided marketplace…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Chengchun Shi , Xiaoyu Wang , Shikai Luo , Hongtu Zhu , Jieping Ye , Rui Song