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We study how a central bank should dynamically set short-term nominal interest rates to stabilize inflation and unemployment when macroeconomic relationships are uncertain and time-varying. We model monetary policy as a sequential…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-01-06 Tony Wang , Kyle Feinstein , Sheryl Chen

Regularization plays a major role in modern deep learning. From classic techniques such as L1,L2 penalties to other noise-based methods such as Dropout, regularization often yields better generalization properties by avoiding overfitting.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-08 Soufiane Hayou , Fadhel Ayed

Many reinforcement learning algorithms are built on an assumption that an agent interacts with an environment over fixed-duration, discrete time steps. However, physical systems are continuous in time, requiring a choice of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Kris De Asis , Richard S. Sutton

A common optimization tool used in deep reinforcement learning is momentum, which consists in accumulating and discounting past gradients, reapplying them at each iteration. We argue that, unlike in supervised learning, momentum in Temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Emmanuel Bengio , Joelle Pineau , Doina Precup

Policy Mirror Descent (PMD) has emerged as a unifying framework in reinforcement learning (RL) by linking policy gradient methods with a first-order optimization method known as mirror descent. At its core, PMD incorporates two key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Jan Felix Kleuker , Aske Plaat , Thomas Moerland

A default assumption in reinforcement learning (RL) and optimal control is that observations arrive at discrete time points on a fixed clock cycle. Yet, many applications involve continuous-time systems where the time discretization, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Zichen Zhang , Johannes Kirschner , Junxi Zhang , Francesco Zanini , Alex Ayoub , Masood Dehghan , Dale Schuurmans

Regularization is one of the crucial ingredients of deep learning, yet the term regularization has various definitions, and regularization methods are often studied separately from each other. In our work we present a systematic, unifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-31 Jan Kukačka , Vladimir Golkov , Daniel Cremers

Adversarial training (AT) has proven to be one of the most effective ways to defend Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) against adversarial attacks. However, the phenomenon of robust overfitting, i.e., the robustness will drop sharply at a certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Shudong Zhang , Haichang Gao , Tianwei Zhang , Yunyi Zhou , Zihui Wu

Reinforcement learning has been successful across several applications in which agents have to learn to act in environments with sparse feedback. However, despite this empirical success there is still a lack of theoretical understanding of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-08 Blake Bordelon , Paul Masset , Henry Kuo , Cengiz Pehlevan

In reinforcement learning (RL), Q-learning is a fundamental algorithm whose convergence is guaranteed in the tabular setting. However, this convergence guarantee does not hold under linear function approximation. To overcome this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Hyukjun Yang , Han-Dong Lim , Donghwan Lee

The effectiveness of reinforcement learning (RL) agents in continuous control robotics tasks is mainly dependent on the design of the underlying reward function, which is highly prone to reward hacking. A misalignment between the reward…

It's well-known that inverse problems are ill-posed and to solve them meaningfully one has to employ regularization methods. Traditionally, popular regularization methods have been the penalized Variational approaches. In recent years, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Abinash Nayak

Most learning algorithms are not invariant to the scale of the function that is being approximated. We propose to adaptively normalize the targets used in learning. This is useful in value-based reinforcement learning, where the magnitude…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-17 Hado van Hasselt , Arthur Guez , Matteo Hessel , Volodymyr Mnih , David Silver

We analyze a new approach to Machine Learning coming from a modification of classical regularization networks by casting the process in the time dimension, leading to a sort of collapse of dimensionality in the problem of learning the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-01-05 Marco Gori , Marco Maggini , Alessandro Rossi

In an attempt to better understand generalization in deep learning, we study several possible explanations. We show that implicit regularization induced by the optimization method is playing a key role in generalization and success of deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-11 Behnam Neyshabur

Machine learning models suffer from overfitting, which is caused by a lack of labeled data. To tackle this problem, we proposed a framework of regularization methods, called density-fixing, that can be used commonly for supervised and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Masanari Kimura , Ryohei Izawa

Quadratic programming is a workhorse of modern nonlinear optimization, control, and data science. Although regularized methods offer convergence guarantees under minimal assumptions on the problem data, they can exhibit the slow…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-18 Jeremy Bertoncini , Alberto De Marchi , Matthias Gerdts , Simon Gottschalk

Updating machine learning models with new information usually improves their predictive performance, yet, in many applications, it is also desirable to avoid changing the model predictions too much. This property is called stability. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Morten Blørstad , Berent Å. S. Lunde , Nello Blaser

This work proposes an efficient batch algorithm for feature selection in reinforcement learning (RL) with theoretical convergence guarantees. To mitigate the estimation bias inherent in conventional regularization schemes, the first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Kyohei Suzuki , Konstantinos Slavakis

The Robust Regularized Markov Decision Process (RRMDP) is proposed to learn policies robust to dynamics shifts by adding regularization to the transition dynamics in the value function. Existing methods mostly use unstructured…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Cheng Tang , Zhishuai Liu , Pan Xu