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In this paper, we investigate a class of Collatz-like problems associated with weakly and strongly admissible triplets of integers. This framework extends the classical Collatz mapping, providing a systematic method for generating triplets…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Abderrahman Bouhamidi

It is well known that the Collatz Conjecture can be reinterpreted as the Collatz Graph with root vertex 1, asking whether all positive integers are within the tree generated. It is further known that any cycle in the Collatz Graph can be…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-09-01 Q Le , Edward Smith

The Collatz and $abc$ conjectures, both well known and thoroughly studied, appear to be largely unrelated at first sight. We show that assuming the $abc$ conjecture true is helpful to improve the lower bound of integers initiating a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-22 Olivier Rozier

The Collatz iteration is governed by two distinct update rules, depending on the parity of the current iterate: n(i+1)=3n(i)+1 for odd n(i), and n(i+1)=n(i)/2 for even n(i). We show that these rules can be written equivalently as a single…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-23 Katharina Lodders

This paper presents an algorithmic method that, given a positive integer $j$, generates the $j$-th convergence stair containing all natural numbers from where the Collatz conjecture holds by exactly $j$ applications of the Collatz function.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Ali Ebnenasir

The Collatz graph is a directed graph with natural number nodes and where there is an edge from node $x$ to node $T(x)=T_0(x)=x/2$ if $x$ is even, or to node $T(x)=T_1(x)=\frac{3x+1}{2}$ if $x$ is odd. Studying the Collatz graph in binary…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Tristan Stérin

We here elaborate on a quantitative argument to support the validity of the Collatz conjecture, also known as the (3x + 1) or Syracuse conjecture. The analysis is structured as follows. First, three distinct fixed points are found for the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-12-28 Timoteo Carletti , Duccio Fanelli

In this work the generalized Collatz problem $qn+1$ ($q$ odd) is studied. As a natural generalization of the original $3n+1$ problem, it consists of a discrete dynamical system of an arithmetical kind. Using standard methods of number…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-01-08 Robert Santos

The Collatz dynamic is known to generate a complex quiver of sequences over natural numbers which inflation propensity remains so unpredictable it could be used to generate reliable proof of work algorithms for the cryptocurrency industry.…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-01-26 Alexander Rahn , Eldar Sultanow , Idriss J. Aberkane

We developed an algorithm that easily goes from one odd number to the next odd number in binary representation for the reduced forward Collatz map (Syracuse function). The algorithm indicates when an odd number can grow or shrink to the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-01-19 Richard Kaufman

The $3x+1$ problem, also called the Collatz conjecture, is a very interesting unsolved mathematical problem related to computer science. This paper generalized this problem by relaxing the constraints, i.e., generalizing this deterministic…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-11-25 Bojin Zheng , Yangqian Su , Hongrun Wu , Li Kuang

Some simple facts are proved ruling the Collatz tree and the chains of vertices appearing in it, leading to the reduction of the number of significant elements appearing in the tree. Although the Collatz conjecture remains open, these fact…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-07-07 Fabrizio Luccio

The Collatz map (or the $3n{+}1$-map) $f$ is defined on positive integers by setting $f(n)$ equal to $3n+1$ when $n$ is odd and $n/2$ when $n$ is even. The Collatz conjecture states that starting from any positive integer $n$, some iterate…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Takehiko Mori

Professor Cadogan at the University of the West Indies identified special starting points that yield long subsequences where the normalization constant, k, is always one. I studied these special sequences and found an implicit mixed integer…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-08-23 Thomas W. Lynch

In this research, an optimal algorithm for the Collatz conjecture is presented. Properties such as the convergence of the algorithm and an equation that relates the algorithm to the classical Collatz conjecture are obtained. It is validated…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-07-23 Juan Carlos Riano-Rojas

Solving a Radon-Kaczmarz puzzle involves filling a square grid with positive integers, each between one and nine, satisfying certain clues coming from the sum of entries that lie on the same line in the square grid. Given a set of slopes…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-07 Steven Rossi , Xiao Xiao

We show that there can be no algorithm to decide whether infinite recursively described acyclic aspherical 2-complexes are contractible. We construct such a complex that is contractible if and only if the Collatz conjecture holds.

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-23 Ian J Leary

We reduce the Collatz conjecture to a fixed-modulus, one-bit orbit-mixing problem. Working with the compressed odd-to-odd Collatz map, we prove exact low-depth decomposition formulas at depths K = 3, 4, 5, reducing block-discrepancy terms…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Edward Y. Chang

We build a variant of Collatz Conjecture for polynomials over $\mathbb{F}_2$ and we prove that it is solved. By the way, we give several examples.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-01 Luis H. Gallardo , Olivier Rahavandrainy

The Collatz problem is generalized into $3n + 3^k$ problem. It is shown that as long as the Collatz function iterates converge to the cycle passing through the number 1, the $3n + 3^k$ sequence converges to the cycle passing through the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-02-06 David Barina , W. C. Maat