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The model implied by factor score predictors does not reproduce the non-diagonal elements of the observed covariance matrix as well as the factor loadings. It is therefore investigated whether it is possible to estimate factor loadings for…

Applications · Statistics 2019-09-26 André Beauducel , Norbert Hilger

Determining the number of common factors is an important and practical topic in high dimensional factor models. The existing literatures are mainly based on the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix. Due to the incomparability of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-25 Jianqing Fan , Jianhua Guo , Shurong Zheng

In this paper, we set up the theoretical foundations for a high-dimensional functional factor model approach in the analysis of large cross-sections (panels) of functional time series (FTS). We first establish a representation result…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-14 Shahin Tavakoli , Gilles Nisol , Marc Hallin

High-dimensional financial time series often exhibit complex dependence relations driven by both common market structures and latent connections among assets. To capture these characteristics, this paper proposes Factor-Driven Network…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-27 Brendan Martin , Mihai Cucuringu , Alessandra Luati , Francesco Sanna Passino

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a standard tool for dimensional reduction of a set of $n$ observations (samples), each with $p$ variables. In this paper, using a matrix perturbation approach, we study the nonasymptotic relation…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-01-22 Boaz Nadler

Factor analysis aims to describe high dimensional random vectors by means of a small number of unknown common factors. In mathematical terms, it is required to decompose the covariance matrix $\Sigma$ of the random vector as the sum of a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-08-02 Valentina Ciccone , Augusto Ferrante , Mattia Zorzi

We develop an estimation methodology for a factor model for high-dimensional matrix-valued time series, where common stochastic trends and common stationary factors can be present. We study, in particular, the estimation of (row and column)…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-06 Rong Chen , Simone Giannerini , Greta Goracci , Lorenzo Trapani

We study the problem of estimating the leading eigenvectors of a high-dimensional population covariance matrix based on independent Gaussian observations. We establish lower bounds on the rates of convergence of the estimators of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-02-07 Debashis Paul , Iain M. Johnstone

The family of rank estimators, including Han's maximum rank correlation (Han, 1987) as a notable example, has been widely exploited in studying regression problems. For these estimators, although the linear index is introduced for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-08-15 Yanqin Fan , Fang Han , Wei Li , Xiao-Hua Zhou

Determining the number of factors in high-dimensional factor modeling is essential but challenging, especially when the data are heavy-tailed. In this paper, we introduce a new estimator based on the spectral properties of Spearman sample…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-29 Jiaxin Qiu , Zeng Li , Jianfeng Yao

We develop a monitoring procedure to detect changes in a large approximate factor model. Letting $r$ be the number of common factors, we base our statistics on the fact that the $\left( r+1\right) $-th eigenvalue of the sample covariance…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-03 Matteo Barigozzi , Lorenzo Trapani

A system with many degrees of freedom can be characterized by a covariance matrix; principal components analysis (PCA) focuses on the eigenvalues of this matrix, hoping to find a lower dimensional description. But when the spectrum is…

Biological Physics · Physics 2017-04-26 Serena Bradde , William Bialek

In this paper, we propose a price staleness factor model that accounts for pervasive market friction across assets and incorporates relevant covariates. Using large-panel high-frequency data, we derive the maximum likelihood estimators of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Xinbing Kong , Bin Wu , Wuyi Ye

For factor model, the involved covariance matrix often has no row sparse structure because the common factors may lead some variables to strongly associate with many others. Under the ultra-high dimensional paradigm, this feature causes…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-09-22 Junlong Zhao , Hongyu Zhao , Lixing Zhu

We build a simple diagnostic criterion for approximate factor structure in large cross-sectional equity datasets. Given a model for asset returns with observable factors, the criterion checks whether the error terms are weakly…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2017-08-08 Patrick Gagliardini , Elisa Ossola , Olivier Scaillet

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a popular dimension reduction technique often used to visualize high-dimensional data structures. In genomics, this can involve millions of variables, but only tens to hundreds of observations.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-11 Kristoffer Hellton , Magne Thoresen

In the context of principal components analysis (PCA), the bootstrap is commonly applied to solve a variety of inference problems, such as constructing confidence intervals for the eigenvalues of the population covariance matrix $\Sigma$.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-17 Junwen Yao , Miles E. Lopes

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a well known procedure to reduce intrinsic complexity of a dataset, essentially through simplifying the covariance structure or the correlation structure. We introduce a novel algebraic, model-based…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-09 Martin Schlather , Felix Reinbott

We consider forecasting a single time series when there is a large number of predictors and a possible nonlinear effect. The dimensionality was first reduced via a high-dimensional (approximate) factor model implemented by the principal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-12-29 Jianqing Fan , Lingzhou Xue , Jiawei Yao

It is known that the common factors in a large panel of data can be consistently estimated by the method of principal components, and principal components can be constructed by iterative least squares regressions. Replacing least squares…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-16 Jushan Bai , Serena Ng