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Algorithms for causal discovery have recently undergone rapid advances and increasingly draw on flexible nonparametric methods to process complex data. With these advances comes a need for adequate empirical validation of the causal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-15 Konstantin Göbler , Tobias Windisch , Mathias Drton , Tim Pychynski , Steffen Sonntag , Martin Roth

Consistency is one of the keys to maintainable source code and hence a successful software project. We propose a novel method of extracting the intent of programmers from source code of a large project (~300kLOC) and checking the semantic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Yusuke Shinyama , Yoshitaka Arahori , Katsuhiko Gondow

Root cause analysis of anomalies aims to identify how and why a sample deviates from the normal process. Existing methods primarily focus on telling which features are responsible, ignoring that anomalies can arise through two fundamentally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hendrik Suhr , David Kaltenpoth , Jilles Vreeken

Code clones are duplicate code fragments that share (nearly) similar syntax or semantics. Code clone detection plays an important role in software maintenance, code refactoring, and reuse. A substantial amount of research has been conducted…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-11-26 Nikita Mehrotra , Navdha Agarwal , Piyush Gupta , Saket Anand , David Lo , Rahul Purandare

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive promise in code generation, yet their progress remains limited by the shortage of large-scale datasets that are both diverse and well-aligned with human reasoning. Most existing resources…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Amal Abed , Ivan Lukic , Jörg K. H. Franke , Frank Hutter

Large computer models are ubiquitous in the earth sciences. These models often have tens or hundreds of tuneable parameters and can take thousands of core-hours to run to completion while generating terabytes of output. It is becoming…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-03-21 Duncan Watson-Parris , Andrew Williams , Lucia Deaconu , Philip Stier

Automation and computer intelligence to support complex human decisions becomes essential to manage large and distributed systems in the Cloud and IoT era. Understanding the root cause of an observed symptom in a complex system has been a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Marc Solé , Victor Muntés-Mulero , Annie Ibrahim Rana , Giovani Estrada

Climate change is one of the most critical challenges that our planet is facing today. Rising global temperatures are already bringing noticeable changes to Earth's weather and climate patterns with an increased frequency of unpredictable…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-01-19 Karandeep Singh , Chaeyoon Jeong , Naufal Shidqi , Sungwon Park , Arjun Nellikkattil , Elke Zeller , Meeyoung Cha

Source code similarity are increasingly used in application development to identify clones, isolate bugs, and find copy-rights violations. Similar code fragments can be very problematic due to the fact that errors in the original code must…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-30 F Alomari , M Harbi

The Causal Roadmap outlines a systematic approach to asking and answering questions of cause-and-effect: define the quantity of interest, evaluate needed assumptions, conduct statistical estimation, and carefully interpret results. To…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-30 Nerissa Nance , Maya L. Petersen , Mark van der Laan , Laura B. Balzer

This paper proposes CES, a task to evaluate the abilities of LLMs in simulating program execution and using that reasoning in programming tasks. Besides measuring the correctness of variable predictions during execution simulation, CES…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Changshu Liu , Yang Chen , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand

Causal discovery can be a powerful tool for investigating causality when a system can be observed but is inaccessible to experiments in practice. Despite this, it is rarely used in any scientific or medical fields. One of the major hurdles…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-07 Erich Kummerfeld , Alexander Rix

Context: Scientific software plays an important role in critical decision making, for example making weather predictions based on climate models, and computation of evidence for research publications. Recently, scientists have had to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-04-06 Upulee Kanewala , James M. Bieman

In this paper, we propose CodeSCM, a Structural Causal Model (SCM) for analyzing multi-modal code generation using large language models (LLMs). By applying interventions to CodeSCM, we measure the causal effects of different prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Mukur Gupta , Noopur Bhatt , Suman Jana

We report on a large-scale empirical study investigating the relevance of socio-technical congruence over key basic software quality metrics, namely, bugs and churn. In particular, we explore whether alignment or misalignment of social…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Wolfgang Mauerer , Mitchell Joblin , Damian A. Tamburri , Carlos Paradis , Rick Kazman , Sven Apel

Root cause analysis (RCA) is essential for diagnosing failures within complex software systems to ensure system reliability. The highly distributed and interdependent nature of modern cloud-based systems often complicates RCA efforts,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Evelien Riddell , James Riddell , Gengyi Sun , Michał Antkiewicz , Krzysztof Czarnecki

Scaling test-time compute is a promising axis for improving LLM capabilities. However, test-time compute can be scaled in a variety of ways, and effectively combining different approaches remains an active area of research. Here, we explore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Ryan Ehrlich , Bradley Brown , Jordan Juravsky , Ronald Clark , Christopher Ré , Azalia Mirhoseini

Causal graphs are widely used in software engineering to document and explore causal relationships. Though widely used, they may also be wildly misleading. Causal structures generated from SE data can be highly variable. This instability is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jeremy Hulse , Nasir U. Eisty , Tim Menzies

Data analysis for scientific experiments and enterprises, large-scale simulations, and machine learning tasks all entail the use of complex computational pipelines to reach quantitative and qualitative conclusions. If some of the activities…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Raoni Lourenço , Juliana Freire , Dennis Shasha

Context: Mining software repositories is a popular means to gain insights into a software project's evolution, monitor project health, support decisions and derive best practices. Tools supporting the mining process are commonly applied by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Nicole Hoess , Carlos Paradis , Rick Kazman , Wolfgang Mauerer