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Automated Program Repair (APR) agents leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) to autonomously diagnose and fix software bugs through reasoning, planning, and tool use. Despite impressive leaderboard gains on benchmarks such as SWE-bench,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ira Ceka , Hailie Mitchell , Saurabh Pujar , Luca Buratti , Shyam Ramji , Junfeng Yang , Gail Kaiser , Baishakhi Ray

Automatic program repair (APR) aims to reduce the manual efforts required to identify and fix errors in source code. Before the rise of LLM-based agents, a common strategy was to increase the number of generated patches, sometimes to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Fernando Vallecillos Ruiz , Max Hort , Leon Moonen

Program repair is an integral part of every software system's life-cycle but can be extremely challenging. To date, researchers have proposed various automated program repair (APR) techniques to reduce efforts of manual debugging. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Samuel Benton , Mengshi Zhang , Xia Li , Lingming Zhang

Automated program repair is an emerging technology which consists of a suite of techniques to automatically fix bugs or vulnerabilities in programs. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of the state of the art in program repair.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Xiang Gao , Yannic Noller , Abhik Roychoudhury

Automatic program repair (APR) has recently gained attention because it proposes to fix software defects with no human intervention. To automatically fix defects, most APR tools use the developer-written tests to (a) localize the defect,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Manish Motwani

Learning-based program repair has achieved good results in a recent series of papers. Yet, we observe that the related work fails to repair some bugs because of a lack of knowledge about 1) the application domain of the program being…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-20 He Ye , Matias Martinez , Xiapu Luo , Tao Zhang , Martin Monperrus

Redundancy-based automated program repair (APR), which generates patches by referencing existing source code, has gained much attention since they are effective in repairing real-world bugs with good interpretability. However, since…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Jiajun Jiang , Fengjie Li , Zijie Zhao , Zhirui Ye , Mengjiao Liu , Bo Wang , Hongyu Zhang , Junjie Chen

Automated program repair (APR) aims to automatize the process of repairing software bugs in order to reduce the cost of maintaining software programs. Moreover, the success (given by the accuracy metric) of APR approaches has increased in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Matias Martinez , Silverio Martínez-Fernández , Xavier Franch

Automated Program Repair (APR) proposes bug fixes to aid developers in maintaining software. The state of the art in this domain focuses on LLMs, leveraging their strong capabilities to comprehend specifications in natural language and to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Viola Campos , Ridwan Shariffdeen , Adrian Ulges , Yannic Noller

Background: Over the years, Automated Program Repair (APR) has attracted much attention from both academia and industry since it can reduce the costs in fixing bugs. However, how to assess the patch correctness remains to be an open…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Shangwen Wang , Ming Wen , Liqian Chen , Xin Yi , Xiaoguang Mao

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved decent results on automated program repair (APR). However, the next token prediction training objective of decoder-only LLMs (e.g., GPT-4) is misaligned with the masked span prediction objective of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Junjielong Xu , Ying Fu , Shin Hwei Tan , Pinjia He

Automated Program Repair (APR) has benefited from the code understanding and generation capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Existing feedback-based APR methods iteratively refine candidate patches using test execution feedback and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Linhao Wu , Yifei Pei , Zhen Yang , Kainan Li , Zhonghang Lu , Hao Tan , Xiran Lyu , Jia Li , Yizhou Chen , Pengyu Xue , Kunwu Zheng , Dan Hao

LLM-based automated program repair methods have attracted significant attention for their state-of-the-art performance. However, they were primarily evaluated on a few well known datasets like Defects4J, raising questions about their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Fengjie Li , Jiajun Jiang , Jiajun Sun , Hongyu Zhang

Automated program repair (APR) techniques have achieved conspicuous progress, and are now capable of producing genuinely correct fixes in scenarios that were well beyond their capabilities only a few years ago. Nevertheless, even when an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Shifat Sahariar Bhuiyan , Abhishek Tiwari , Yu Pei , Carlo A. Furia

In the past decade, research on test-suite-based automatic program repair has grown significantly. Each year, new approaches and implementations are featured in major software engineering venues. However, most of those approaches are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Thomas Durieux , Fernanda Madeiral , Matias Martinez , Rui Abreu

Correcting bugs using modern Automated Program Repair (APR) can be both time-consuming and resource-expensive. We describe a program repair approach that aims to improve the scalability of modern APR tools. The approach leverages program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Linas Vidziunas , David Binkley , Leon Moonen

A long-standing open challenge for automated program repair is the overfitting problem, which is caused by having insufficient or incomplete specifications to validate whether a generated patch is correct or not. Most available repair…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Omar I. Al-Bataineh , Anastasiia Grishina , Leon Moonen

We revisit the performance of template-based APR to build comprehensive knowledge about the effectiveness of fix patterns, and to highlight the importance of complementary steps such as fault localization or donor code retrieval. To that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Kui Liu , Anil Koyuncu , Dongsun Kim , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé

Due to the promising future of Automated Program Repair (APR), researchers have proposed various APR techniques, including heuristic-based, template-based, and constraint-based techniques. Among such classic APR techniques, template-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Chunqiu Steven Xia , Lingming Zhang

Automated program repair (APR) using deep learning techniques has become an important area of research in recent years, aiming to automatically generate bug-fixing patches that can improve software reliability and maintainability. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Reza Gharibi , Mohammad Hadi Sadreddini , Seyed Mostafa Fakhrahmad