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We present a novel derivation of Einstein equations from the balance between Clausius entropy crossing the boundary of a local causal diamond and entanglement entropy associated with its horizon. Comparing this derivation with the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-11-25 Ana Alonso-Serrano , Marek Liška

Here I develop the connection between thermodynamics, entanglement, and gravity. I begin by showing that the classical null energy condition (NEC) can arise as a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics applied to local holographic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-12-09 Andrew Svesko

We show that the linearized higher derivative gravitational field equations are equivalent to an equilibrium condition on the entanglement entropy of small spherical regions in vacuum. This extends Jacobson's recent derivation of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-02-15 Pablo Bueno , Vincent S. Min , Antony J. Speranza , Manus R. Visser

We revisit Jacobson's thermodynamic derivation of gravitational dynamics in the presence of generalized, non-extensive horizon entropies. Working within a local Rindler-wedge framework, we formulate the Clausius relation as the stationarity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-06 Marco Figliolia , Petr Jizba , Gaetano Lambiase

This dissertation investigates thermodynamic, emergent and holographic aspects of gravity in the context of causal diamonds. We obtain a gravitational first law for causal diamonds in maximally symmetric spacetimes and argue that these…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-08-16 Manus R. Visser

The vacuum of quantum fields contains correlated fluctuations. When restricted to one side of a surface these have a huge entropy of entanglement that scales with the surface area. If UV physics renders this entropy finite, then a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-11-13 Ted Jacobson

It has previously been shown that the Einstein equation can be derived from the requirement that the Clausius relation dS = dQ/T hold for all local acceleration horizons through each spacetime point, where dS is one quarter the horizon area…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-05 Christopher Eling , Raf Guedens , Ted Jacobson

We extend the thermodynamic derivation of gravity in the Jacobson framework by generalizing the Clausius relation through a nontrivial entropy functional. We show that entropy deformations appear as modifications of the effective…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-14 H. R. Fazlollahi

The connection between gravity and thermodynamics is explored. Examining a perfect fluid in gravitational equilibrium we find that the entropy is extremal only if Einstein's equations are satisfied. Conversely, one can derive part of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Oppenheim

We derive the Einstein equation from the condition that every small causal diamond is a variation of a flat empty diamond with the same free conformal energy, as would be expected for a near-equilibrium state. The attractiveness of gravity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-11-26 Ted Jacobson , Manus R. Visser

In this work we derive general quantum phenomenological equations of gravitational dynamics and analyse its features. The derivation uses the formalism developed in thermodynamics of spacetime and introduces low energy quantum gravity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-03 Ana Alonso-Serrano , Marek Liška

Based on recent results from general relativistic statistical mechanics and black hole information transfer limits a space-time entropy-action equivalence is proposed as a generalization of the holographic principle. With this conjecture,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-08 Joakim Munkhammar

The static patch of de Sitter spacetime and the Rindler wedge of Minkowski spacetime are causal diamonds admitting a true Killing field, and they behave as thermodynamic equilibrium states under gravitational perturbations. We explore the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-12-16 Ted Jacobson , Manus R. Visser

We define a canonical ensemble for a gravitational causal diamond by introducing an artificial York boundary inside the diamond with a fixed induced metric and temperature, and evaluate the partition function using a saddle point…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-07-26 Ted Jacobson , Manus R. Visser

A link between the semiclassical Einstein equation and a maximal vacuum entanglement hypothesis is established. The hypothesis asserts that entanglement entropy in small geodesic balls is maximized at fixed volume in a locally maximally…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-06-28 Ted Jacobson

Renewed interest in deriving gravity (more precisely, the Einstein equations) from thermodynamics considerations [1, 2] is stirred up by a recent proposal that 'gravity is an entropic force' [3] (see also [4]). Even though I find the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-25 B. L. Hu

We give a modified derivation of the Einstein equation of state by considering the Clausius relation $T\delta S-\delta N =\delta Q$ on a null hypersurface with a non-vanishing expansion ($\theta \neq 0$), i.e. not in the equilibrium. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-10-11 Kengo Shimada , Susumu Okazawa , Satoshi Iso

In arXiv:gr-qc/9504004 it was shown that the Einstein equation can be derived as a local constitutive equation for an equilibrium spacetime thermodynamics. More recently, in the attempt to extend the same approach to the case of $f(R)$…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 G. Chirco , S. Liberati

There is a deep link between gravity and thermodynamics; in a precise way gravity can be derived from entanglement entropy in conformal field theories. However, this depends crucially on properties of horizons, and asymptotic symmetries of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-30 Ian Nagle

A celebrated result by Jacobson is the derivation of Einstein's equations from Unruh's temperature, the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the Clausius relation. This has been repeatedly taken as evidence for an interpretation of Einstein's…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-08-20 Goffredo Chirco , Hal M. Haggard , Aldo Riello , Carlo Rovelli
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