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Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has become a powerful methodology to solve complex decision-making problems. However, DRL has several limitations when used in real-world problems (e.g., robotics applications). For instance, long training…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Rodrigo Pérez-Dattari , Carlos Celemin , Javier Ruiz-del-Solar , Jens Kober

Reinforcement Learning is an area of Machine Learning focused on how agents can be trained to make sequential decisions, and achieve a particular goal within an arbitrary environment. While learning, they repeatedly take actions based on…

Model-driven engineering problems often require complex model transformations (MTs), i.e., MTs that are chained in extensive sequences. Pertinent examples of such problems include model synchronization, automated model repair, and design…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Kyanna Dagenais , Istvan David

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has been successfully used to solve different challenges, e.g. complex board and computer games, recently. However, solving real-world robotics tasks with DRL seems to be a more difficult challenge. The…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Péter Almási , Róbert Moni , Bálint Gyires-Tóth

While recent advances in deep reinforcement learning have allowed autonomous learning agents to succeed at a variety of complex tasks, existing algorithms generally require a lot of training data. One way to increase the speed at which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-23 Garrett Warnell , Nicholas Waytowich , Vernon Lawhern , Peter Stone

Providing a suitable reward function to reinforcement learning can be difficult in many real world applications. While inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) holds promise for automatically learning reward functions from demonstrations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Lantao Yu , Tianhe Yu , Chelsea Finn , Stefano Ermon

Due to the limited smartness and abilities of machine intelligence, currently autonomous vehicles are still unable to handle all kinds of situations and completely replace drivers. Because humans exhibit strong robustness and adaptability…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Jingda Wu , Zhiyu Huang , Chao Huang , Zhongxu Hu , Peng Hang , Yang Xing , Chen Lv

The black-box nature of deep reinforcement learning (RL) hinders them from real-world applications. Therefore, interpreting and explaining RL agents have been active research topics in recent years. Existing methods for post-hoc…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Qisen Yang , Huanqian Wang , Mukun Tong , Wenjie Shi , Gao Huang , Shiji Song

Reinforcement Learning (RL) can be extremely effective in solving complex, real-world problems. However, injecting human knowledge into an RL agent may require extensive effort and expertise on the human designer's part. To date, human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-16 Ariel Rosenfeld , Moshe Cohen , Matthew E. Taylor , Sarit Kraus

Reinforcement learning (RL) and brain-computer interfaces (BCI) have experienced significant growth over the past decade. With rising interest in human-in-the-loop (HITL), incorporating human input with RL algorithms has given rise to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Benjamin Poole , Minwoo Lee

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are powerful tools for solving visuomotor decision tasks. However, the trained models are often difficult to interpret, because they are represented as end-to-end deep neural networks. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Sihang Guo , Ruohan Zhang , Bo Liu , Yifeng Zhu , Mary Hayhoe , Dana Ballard , Peter Stone

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful machine learning technique that has been successfully applied to a wide variety of problems. However, it can be unpredictable and produce suboptimal results in complicated learning environments.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Brian Mintz , Feng Fu

Integrating human expertise with machine learning is crucial for applications demanding high accuracy and safety, such as autonomous driving. This study introduces Interactive Double Deep Q-network (iDDQN), a Human-in-the-Loop (HITL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Alkis Sygkounas , Ioannis Athanasiadis , Andreas Persson , Michael Felsberg , Amy Loutfi

While contemporary reinforcement learning research and applications have embraced policy gradient methods as the panacea of solving learning problems, value-based methods can still be useful in many domains as long as we can wrangle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Ashwin Ramaswamy , Ransalu Senanayake

Training large language models (LLMs) as interactive agents presents unique challenges including long-horizon decision making and interacting with stochastic environment feedback. While reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled progress in…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a popular machine learning paradigm where intelligent agents interact with the environment to fulfill a long-term goal. Driven by the resurgence of deep learning, Deep RL (DRL) has witnessed great success over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Yunpeng Qing , Shunyu Liu , Jie Song , Yang Zhou , Kaixuan Chen , Huiqiong Wang , Mingli Song

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in environments with complex, history-dependent reward structures poses significant challenges for traditional methods. In this work, we introduce a novel approach that leverages automaton-based feedback to guide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Mahyar Alinejad , Alvaro Velasquez , Yue Wang , George Atia

The complexity of designing reward functions has been a major obstacle to the wide application of deep reinforcement learning (RL) techniques. Describing an agent's desired behaviors and properties can be difficult, even for experts. A new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Wanqi Xue , Bo An , Shuicheng Yan , Zhongwen Xu

Providing Reinforcement Learning agents with expert advice can dramatically improve various aspects of learning. Prior work has developed teaching protocols that enable agents to learn efficiently in complex environments; many of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-01-17 David Abel , John Salvatier , Andreas Stuhlmüller , Owain Evans

How can we train a dialog model to produce better conversations by learning from human feedback, without the risk of humans teaching it harmful chat behaviors? We start by hosting models online, and gather human feedback from real-time,…