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The two-colour Ramsey number $R(m,n)$ is the least natural number $p$ such that any graph of order $p$ must contain either a clique of size $m$ or an independent set of size $n$. We exhibit a method for computing upper bounds for $R(m,n)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-03 Oliver Krüger

Let $G, H$ be finite graphs without loops or multiple edges and $K_n$ denote the complete graph on $n$ vertices. If for every red/blue colouring of edges of the complete graph $K_n$, there exists a red copy of $G$, or a blue copy of $H$, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-14 C. J. Jayawardene , J. N. Senadheera , K. A. S. N. Fernando , W. C. W Navaratna

The Ramsey number $R(G_1,\dots,G_k)$ is the smallest $n$ such that every $k$-coloring of the edges of $K_n$ contains a monochromatic copy of $G_i$ in color $i$. Ramsey numbers are challenging to compute, and few are known exactly. We use…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-05 William J. Wesley

For $0<\delta\leq 1$, let $R_k(m;\delta)$ denote the smallest $N$ such that every coloring of $k$-element subsets by two colors yields an $m$-element set $M$ with relative discrepancy $\delta$, which means that one color class has at least…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-09 Pavel Pudlák , Vojtěch Rödl

We determine the $2$-color Ramsey number of a {\em connected} triangle matching $c(nK_3)$ which is any connected graph containing $n$ vertex disjoint triangles. We obtain that $R(c(nK_3),c(nK_3))=7n-2$, somewhat larger than in the classical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-21 Andras Gyarfas , Gabor N. Sarkozy

Nowhere dense classes of graphs are classes of sparse graphs with rich structural and algorithmic properties, however, they fail to capture even simple classes of dense graphs. Monadically stable classes, originating from model theory,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Jan Dreier , Nikolas Mählmann , Amer E. Mouawad , Sebastian Siebertz , Alexandre Vigny

Given a graph $H$, let $\chi_H(\mathbb{R}^n)$ be the smallest positive integer $r$ such that there exists an $r$-coloring of $\mathbb{R}^n$ with no monochromatic unit-copy of $H$, that is a set of $|V(H)|$ vertices of the same color such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Maria Axenovich , Dingyuan Liu , Arsenii Sagdeev

For positive integers $n,r,s$ with $r > s$, the set-coloring Ramsey number $R(n;r,s)$ is the minimum $N$ such that if every edge of the complete graph $K_N$ receives a set of $s$ colors from a palette of $r$ colors, then there is a subset…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-15 David Conlon , Jacob Fox , Huy Tuan Pham , Yufei Zhao

Building on recent work of Mattheus and Verstra\"ete, we establish a general connection between Ramsey numbers of the form $r(F,t)$ for $F$ a fixed graph and a variant of the Zarankiewicz problem asking for the maximum number of 1s in an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-25 David Conlon , Sam Mattheus , Dhruv Mubayi , Jacques Verstraëte

Given simple graphs $H_{1},H_{2},\ldots,H_{c}$, the Ramsey number $r(H_{1},H_{2},\ldots,H_{c})$ is the smallest positive integer $n$ such that every edge-colored $K_{n}$ with $c$ colors contains a subgraph in color $i$ isomorphic to $H_{i}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-22 Chuandong Xu , Hongna Yang , Shenggui Zhang

We show that in every two-colouring of the edges of the complete graph $K_N$ there is a monochromatic $K_k$ which can be extended in at least $(1 + o_k(1))2^{-k}N$ ways to a monochromatic $K_{k+1}$. This result is asymptotically best…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-25 David Conlon

R\"odl and Ruci\'nski (1990) established Ramsey's theorem for random graphs. In particular, for fixed integers $r$, $\ell\geq 2$ they showed that $\hat p_{K_\ell,r}(n)=n^{-\frac{2}{\ell+1}}$ is a threshold for the Ramsey property that every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-31 Nina Kamčev , Mathias Schacht

Analogues of Ramsey's Theorem for infinite structures such as the rationals or the Rado graph have been known for some time. In this context, one looks for optimal bounds, called degrees, for the number of colors in an isomorphic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-03 Natasha Dobrinen

Chv\'atal showed that for any tree $T$ with $k$ edges the Ramsey number $R(T,n)=k(n-1)+1$ ("Tree-complete graph Ramsey numbers." Journal of Graph Theory 1.1 (1977): 93-93). For $r=3$ or $4$, we show that, if $T$ is an $r$-uniform…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-30 Jiaxi Nie

A classical result of Chv\'atal implies that if $n \geq (r-1)(t-1) +1$, then any colouring of the edges of $K_n$ in red and blue contains either a monochromatic red $K_r$ or a monochromatic blue $P_t$. We study a natural generalization of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-21 Lucas Aragão , João Pedro Marciano , Walner Mendonça

For two graph H and G, the Ramsey number r(H, G) is the smallest positive integer n such that every red-blue edge coloring of the complete graph K_n on n vertices contains either a red copy of H or a blue copy of G. Motivated by questions…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-06-29 Benny Sudakov

We show that for every finite colouring of the natural numbers there exists $a,b >1$ such that the triple $\{a,b,a^b\}$ is monochromatic. We go on to show the partition regularity of a much richer class of patterns involving exponentiation.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-24 Julian Sahasrabudhe

One of the key unsolved conjectures in hypergraph coloring is about the chromatic number of $s$-stable $r$-uniform Kneser hypergraphs $\mathrm{KG}^r(n,k)_{s\textup{-stab}}$. The problem remains largely open, particularly in the case where…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-29 Hamid Reza Daneshpajouh

We show that the $k$-colour Ramsey number of an odd cycle of length $2 \ell + 1$ is at most $(4 \ell)^k \cdot k^{k/\ell}$. This proves a conjecture of Fox and is the first improvement in the exponent that goes beyond an absolute constant…

In this paper we study bounded diameter variations of the following form of Ryser's conjecture. For every graph $G=(V,E)$ with independence number $\alpha(G)=\alpha$ and integer $r\geq 2$, in every $r$-edge coloring of $G$ there is a cover…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Andras Gyarfas , Gabor N. Sarkozy