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Agents that can follow language instructions are expected to be useful in a variety of situations such as navigation. However, training neural network-based agents requires numerous paired trajectories and languages. This paper proposes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Kei Akuzawa , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

Reinforcement learning has traditionally focused on a singular objective: learning policies that select actions to maximize reward. We challenge this paradigm by asking: what if we explicitly architected RL systems as inference engines that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Mehrdad Zakershahrak

Embodied instruction following (EIF) requires agents to understand and execute complex natural language commands within interactive 3D environments. Despite recent advances, existing methods often fail in long-horizon planning and handling…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xicheng Gong , Guozheng Sun , Peiran Xu , Yadong Mu

The field of multimodal robot navigation in indoor environments has garnered significant attention in recent years. However, as tasks and methods become more advanced, the action decision systems tend to become more complex and operate as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Haru Kondoh , Asako Kanezaki

Sequence models in reinforcement learning require task knowledge to estimate the task policy. This paper presents a hierarchical algorithm for learning a sequence model from demonstrations. The high-level mechanism guides the low-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-22 André Correia , Luís A. Alexandre

In this paper, we propose a novel Knowledge-based Embodied Question Answering (K-EQA) task, in which the agent intelligently explores the environment to answer various questions with the knowledge. Different from explicitly specifying the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Sinan Tan , Mengmeng Ge , Di Guo , Huaping Liu , Fuchun Sun

We propose a novel Reinforcement Learning model for discrete environments, which is inherently interpretable and supports the discovery of deep subgoal hierarchies. In the model, an agent learns information about environment in the form of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Alexander Demin , Denis Ponomaryov

We show that large language models (LLMs) can be adapted to be generalizable policies for embodied visual tasks. Our approach, called Large LAnguage model Reinforcement Learning Policy (LLaRP), adapts a pre-trained frozen LLM to take as…

Reinforcement learning offers the promise of automating the acquisition of complex behavioral skills. However, compared to commonly used and well-understood supervised learning methods, reinforcement learning algorithms can be brittle,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Aviral Kumar , Xue Bin Peng , Sergey Levine

Embodied AI represents a paradigm in AI research where artificial agents are situated within and interact with physical or virtual environments. Despite the recent progress in Embodied AI, it is still very challenging to learn the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Xuetao Li , Fang Gao , Jun Yu , Shaodong Li , Feng Shuang

Hierarchical reinforcement learning deals with the problem of breaking down large tasks into meaningful sub-tasks. Autonomous discovery of these sub-tasks has remained a challenging problem. We propose a novel method of learning sub-tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Saket Tiwari , M. Prannoy

Out of the many deep reinforcement learning approaches for autonomous driving, only few make use of the options (or skills) framework. That is surprising, as this framework is naturally suited for hierarchical control applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Bram De Cooman , Johan Suykens

Transformative innovations in model architectures have introduced hierarchical embedding augmentation as a means to redefine the representation of tokens through multi-level semantic structures, offering enhanced adaptability to complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Derek Yotheringhay , Alistair Kirkland , Humphrey Kirkbride , Josiah Whitesteeple

Partially observed control problems are a challenging aspect of reinforcement learning. We extend two related, model-free algorithms for continuous control -- deterministic policy gradient and stochastic value gradient -- to solve partially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-12-15 Nicolas Heess , Jonathan J Hunt , Timothy P Lillicrap , David Silver

When humans conceive how to perform a particular task, they do so hierarchically: splitting higher-level tasks into smaller sub-tasks. However, in the literature on natural language (NL) command of situated agents, most works have treated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Shuyan Zhou , Pengcheng Yin , Graham Neubig

Autonomous 3D environment exploration is a fundamental task for various applications such as navigation. The goal of exploration is to investigate a new environment and build its occupancy map efficiently. In this paper, we propose a new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Liu Juncheng , McCane Brendan , Mills Steven

Many prediction domains, such as ad placement, recommendation, trajectory prediction, and document summarization, require predicting a set or list of options. Such lists are often evaluated using submodular reward functions that measure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-05-14 Stephane Ross , Jiaji Zhou , Yisong Yue , Debadeepta Dey , J. Andrew Bagnell

This paper studies adaptive algorithms for simultaneous regulation (i.e., control) and estimation (i.e., learning) of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) linear dynamical systems. It proposes practical, easy to implement control policies…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-05 Mohamad Kazem Shirani Faradonbeh , Ambuj Tewari , George Michailidis

In reinforcement learning, agents often learn policies for specific tasks without the ability to generalize this knowledge to related tasks. This paper introduces an algorithm that attempts to address this limitation by decomposing neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Mahdi Alikhasi , Levi H. S. Lelis

We investigate mathematically the notion of incoherence: a structural issue with reinforcement learning policies derived by naive goal-conditioning of autoregressive models. We focus on the process of re-training models on their own…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Jacek Karwowski , Raymond Douglas