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The design and implementation of Deep Learning (DL) models is currently receiving a lot of attention from both industrials and academics. However, the computational workload associated with DL is often out of reach for low-power embedded…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Etienne Dupuis , Silviu-Ioan Filip , Olivier Sentieys , David Novo , Ian O'Connor , Alberto Bosio

Deep learning models typically use single-precision (FP32) floating point data types for representing activations and weights, but a slew of recent research work has shown that computations with reduced-precision data types (FP16, 16-bit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Daya Khudia , Jianyu Huang , Protonu Basu , Summer Deng , Haixin Liu , Jongsoo Park , Mikhail Smelyanskiy

Today's high performance deep learning architectures involve large models with numerous parameters. Low precision numerics has emerged as a popular technique to reduce both the compute and memory requirements of these large models. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-02 Asit Mishra , Debbie Marr

Efficient and accurate decoding of quantum error-correcting codes is essential for fault-tolerant quantum computation, however, it is challenging due to the degeneracy of errors, the complex code topology, and the large space for logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-28 Hanyan Cao , Feng Pan , Dongyang Feng , Yijia Wang , Pan Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely applied but face challenges in efficient inference. While quantization methods reduce computational demands, ultra-low bit quantization with arbitrary precision is hindered by limited GPU Tensor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Shaobo Ma , Chao Fang , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

Reduced precision computation for deep neural networks is one of the key areas addressing the widening compute gap driven by an exponential growth in model size. In recent years, deep learning training has largely migrated to 16-bit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Naveen Mellempudi , Sudarshan Srinivasan , Dipankar Das , Bharat Kaul

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed the way we think about language understanding and generation, enthralling both researchers and developers. However, deploying LLMs for inference has been a significant challenge due to their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Dibakar Gope , David Mansell , Danny Loh , Ian Bratt

Training Large Language Models(LLMs) is one of the most compute-intensive tasks in high-performance computing. Predicting end-to-end training time for multi-billion parameter models distributed across hundreds of GPUs remains challenging…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Biyao Zhang , Mingkai Zheng , Debargha Ganguly , Xuecen Zhang , Vikash Singh , Vipin Chaudhary , Zhao Zhang

Emerging applications such as Deep Learning are often data-driven, thus traditional approaches based on auto-tuners are not performance effective across the wide range of inputs used in practice. In the present paper, we start an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Damiano Perri , Paolo Sylos Labini , Osvaldo Gervasi , Sergio Tasso , Flavio Vella

During the past decade, Deep Learning (DL) algorithms, programming systems and hardware have converged with the High Performance Computing (HPC) counterparts. Nevertheless, the programming methodology of DL and HPC systems is stagnant,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Evangelos Georganas , Dhiraj Kalamkar , Kirill Voronin , Abhisek Kundu , Antonio Noack , Hans Pabst , Alexander Breuer , Alexander Heinecke

Recently there has been significant interest in training machine-learning models at low precision: by reducing precision, one can reduce computation and communication by one order of magnitude. We examine training at reduced precision, both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-20 Hantian Zhang , Jerry Li , Kaan Kara , Dan Alistarh , Ji Liu , Ce Zhang

With the increasing complexity of machine learning models, managing computational resources like memory and processing power has become a critical concern. Mixed precision techniques, which leverage different numerical precisions during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Juyoung Yun , Sol Choi , Francois Rameau , Byungkon Kang , Zhoulai Fu

Computation-intensive tensor operators constitute over 90\% of the computations in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Deep Neural Networks.Automatically and efficiently generating high-performance tensor operators with hardware primitives is…

Recent advancement in deep learning encouraged developing large automatic speech recognition (ASR) models that achieve promising results while ignoring computational and memory constraints. However, deploying such models on low resource…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Abdul Hannan , Alessio Brutti , Shah Nawaz , Mubashir Noman

Although deep learning models are highly effective for various learning tasks, their high computational costs prohibit the deployment to scenarios where either memory or computational resources are limited. In this paper, we focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-09-14 Cong Leng , Hao Li , Shenghuo Zhu , Rong Jin

The state-of-the-art hardware platforms for training Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are moving from traditional single precision (32-bit) computations towards 16 bits of precision -- in large part due to the high energy efficiency and smaller…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Naigang Wang , Jungwook Choi , Daniel Brand , Chia-Yu Chen , Kailash Gopalakrishnan

We introduce a learning-based framework to optimize tensor programs for deep learning workloads. Efficient implementations of tensor operators, such as matrix multiplication and high dimensional convolution, are key enablers of effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-10 Tianqi Chen , Lianmin Zheng , Eddie Yan , Ziheng Jiang , Thierry Moreau , Luis Ceze , Carlos Guestrin , Arvind Krishnamurthy

CNNs have been shown to maintain reasonable classification accuracy when quantized to lower precisions. Quantizing to sub 8-bit activations and weights can result in accuracy falling below an acceptable threshold. Techniques exist for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Philip Colangelo , Nasibeh Nasiri , Asit Mishra , Eriko Nurvitadhi , Martin Margala , Kevin Nealis

The growing demand for Large Language Models (LLMs) in applications such as content generation, intelligent chatbots, and sentiment analysis poses considerable challenges for LLM service providers. To efficiently use GPU resources and boost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Yilong Zhao , Chien-Yu Lin , Kan Zhu , Zihao Ye , Lequn Chen , Size Zheng , Luis Ceze , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Tianqi Chen , Baris Kasikci

Low-precision arithmetic has had a transformative effect on the training of neural networks, reducing computation, memory and energy requirements. However, despite its promise, low-precision arithmetic has received little attention for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Wesley J. Maddox , Andres Potapczynski , Andrew Gordon Wilson