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Diffusion models depend on pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) for latent noise sampling. We present DiffusionHijack, a supply-chain backdoor attack that hijacks the PRNG to deterministically control generated images. A malicious PRNG,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Ziyang You , Liling Zheng , Xiaoke Yang , Xuxing Lu

Random numbers are central to cryptography and various other tasks. The intrinsic probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics has allowed us to construct a large number of quantum random number generators (QRNGs) that are distinct from the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-21 Vaisakh Mannalath , Sandeep Mishra , Anirban Pathak

Testing algorithms across a wide range of problem instances is crucial to ensure the validity of any claim about one algorithm's superiority over another. However, when it comes to inference algorithms for probabilistic logic programs,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Paulius Dilkas , Vaishak Belle

Random number generation is a key technology that is useful in a variety of ways. Random numbers are often used to generate keys for data encryption. Random numbers generated at a sufficiently long length can encrypt sensitive data and make…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Jacob Hammond

Pseudorandom number generation (PRNG) is a key element in hardware security platforms like field-programmable gate array FPGA circuits. In this article, 18 PRNGs belonging in 4 families (xorshift, LFSR, TGFSR, and LCG) are physically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-11-28 Mohammed Bakiri , Jean-François Couchot , Christophe Guyeux

A pseudorandom quantum state (PRS) is an ensemble of quantum states indistinguishable from Haar-random states to observers with efficient quantum computers. It allows one to substitute the costly Haar-random state with efficiently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Andrew Tanggara , Mile Gu , Kishor Bharti

The generation of pseudo-random discrete probability distributions is of paramount importance for a wide range of stochastic simulations spanning from Monte Carlo methods to the random sampling of quantum states for investigations in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-02 Jonas Maziero

True random number generator (TRNG) plays a vital role in a variety of security applications and protocols. The security and privacy of an asset rely on the encryption, which solely depends on the quality of random numbers. Memory chips are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-27 B. M. S. Bahar Talukder , Joseph Kerns , Biswajit Ray , Thomas Morris , Md Tauhidur Rahman

Probabilistic programming offers a powerful framework for modeling uncertainty, yet statistical model discovery in this domain entails navigating an immense search space under strict domain-specific constraints. When small language models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Madhav Kanda , Shubham Ugare , Sasa Misailovic

Random numbers are a fundamental ingredient for many applications including simulation, modelling and cryptography. Sound random numbers should be independent and uniformly distributed. Moreover, for cryptographic applications they should…

Pseudorandom generators (PRGs) are a foundational primitive in classical cryptography, underpinning a wide range of constructions. In the quantum setting, pseudorandom quantum states (PRSs) were proposed as a potentially weaker assumption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Mohammed Barhoush

In this paper, we consider a pseudo-random generator based on the difficulty of the syndrome decoding problem for rank metric codes. We also study the resistance of this problem against a quantum computer. Our results show that with rank…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-03-17 Philippe Gaborit , Adrien Hauteville , Jean-Pierre Tillich

Pseudorandom values are often generated as 64-bit binary words. These random words need to be converted into ranged values without statistical bias. We present an efficient algorithm to generate multiple independent uniformly-random bounded…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Nevin Brackett-Rozinsky , Daniel Lemire

Today's probabilistic language generators fall short when it comes to producing coherent and fluent text despite the fact that the underlying models perform well under standard metrics, e.g., perplexity. This discrepancy has puzzled the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Clara Meister , Tiago Pimentel , Gian Wiher , Ryan Cotterell

A pseudo-random number generator (RNG) might be used to generate w-bit random samples in d dimensions if the number of state bits is at least dw. Some RNGs perform better than others and the concept of equidistribution has been introduced…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2010-05-11 Richard P. Brent

Many experiments can be interpreted in terms of random processes operating according to some internal protocols. When experiments are costly or cannot be repeated only one or a few finite samples are available. In this paper we study data…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-02-02 Marian Kupczynski , Hans De Raedt

Cheap micro-controllers, such as the Arduino or other controllers based on the Atmel AVR CPUs are being deployed in a wide variety of projects, ranging from sensors networks to robotic submarines. In this paper, we investigate the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-12-18 Benedikt Kristinsson

Random numbers are essential for applications ranging from secure communications to numerical simulation and quantitative finance. Algorithms can rapidly produce pseudo-random outcomes, series of numbers that mimic most properties of true…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-18 M. Jofre , M. Curty , F. Steinlechner , G. Anzolin , J. P. Torres , M. W. Mitchell , V. Pruneri

One of the key requirement of many schemes is that of random numbers. Sequence of random numbers are used at several stages of a standard cryptographic protocol. A simple example is of a Vernam cipher, where a string of random numbers is…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-10-06 Ram Soorat , Madhuri K. , Ashok Vudayagiri

Conventional random number generators provide the speed but not necessarily the high quality output streams needed for large-scale stochastic simulations. Cryptographically-based generators, on the other hand, provide superior quality…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2013-07-17 William K. Cochran , Michael T. Heath , Kyle W. McKiou
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