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Subword regularization, used widely in NLP, improves model performance by reducing the dependency on exact tokenizations, augmenting the training corpus, and exposing the model to more unique contexts during training. BPE and MaxMatch, two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Marco Cognetta , Vilém Zouhar , Naoaki Okazaki

Current language models (LMs) use a fixed, static subword tokenizer. This default choice typically results in degraded efficiency and language capabilities, especially in languages other than English. To address this issue, we challenge the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Darius Feher , Ivan Vulić , Benjamin Minixhofer

Nearly all previous work on neural machine translation (NMT) has used quite restricted vocabularies, perhaps with a subsequent method to patch in unknown words. This paper presents a novel word-character solution to achieving open…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-24 Minh-Thang Luong , Christopher D. Manning

In this paper, we introduced our joint team SJTU-NICT 's participation in the WMT 2020 machine translation shared task. In this shared task, we participated in four translation directions of three language pairs: English-Chinese,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Zuchao Li , Hai Zhao , Rui Wang , Kehai Chen , Masao Utiyama , Eiichiro Sumita

This paper investigates how Large Language Models (LLMs) represent non-English tokens -- a question that remains underexplored despite recent progress. We propose a lightweight intervention method using representation steering, where a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Omar Mahmoud , Buddhika Laknath Semage , Thommen George Karimpanal , Santu Rana

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled impressive performance in various tasks. However, standard prompting often struggles to produce structurally valid and accurate outputs, especially in dependency parsing. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Hiroshi Matsuda , Chunpeng Ma , Masayuki Asahara

Current methods for few-shot fine-tuning of pretrained masked language models (PLMs) require carefully engineered prompts and verbalizers for each new task to convert examples into a cloze-format that the PLM can score. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Rabeeh Karimi Mahabadi , Luke Zettlemoyer , James Henderson , Marzieh Saeidi , Lambert Mathias , Veselin Stoyanov , Majid Yazdani

Existing pre-trained models are generally geared towards a particular class of problems. To date, there seems to be still no consensus on what the right architecture and pre-training setup should be. This paper presents a unified framework…

We introduce Bielik v3, a series of parameter-efficient generative text models (1.5B and 4.5B) optimized for Polish language processing. These models demonstrate that smaller, well-optimized architectures can achieve performance comparable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Krzysztof Ociepa , Łukasz Flis , Remigiusz Kinas , Krzysztof Wróbel , Adrian Gwoździej

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) are general purpose problem solvers applicable to a diverse set of tasks with prompts. They can be further improved towards a specific task by fine-tuning on a specialized dataset. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Yihan Wang , Si Si , Daliang Li , Michal Lukasik , Felix Yu , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Inderjit S Dhillon , Sanjiv Kumar

In computer vision, virtually every state-of-the-art deep learning system is trained with data augmentation. In text classification, however, data augmentation is less widely practiced because it must be performed before training and risks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Sam Shleifer

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have remarkably enhanced performances on a variety of tasks in multiple languages. However, tokenizers in LLMs trained primarily on English-centric corpora often overly fragment a text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Jimin Hong , Gibbeum Lee , Jaewoong Cho

Back-translation (BT) has become one of the de facto components in unsupervised neural machine translation (UNMT), and it explicitly makes UNMT have translation ability. However, all the pseudo bi-texts generated by BT are treated equally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Jinliang Lu , Jiajun Zhang

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has become a significant technology in natural language processing through extensive research and development. However, the deficiency of high-quality bilingual language pair data still poses a major…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Soon-Jae Hwang , Chang-Sung Jeong

Instruction-based image editing has achieved remarkable progress; however, models solely trained via supervised fine-tuning often overfit to annotated patterns, hindering their ability to explore and generalize beyond training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Zongjian Li , Zheyuan Liu , Qihui Zhang , Bin Lin , Feize Wu , Shenghai Yuan , Zhiyuan Yan , Yang Ye , Wangbo Yu , Yuwei Niu , Shaodong Wang , Xinhua Cheng , Li Yuan

The use of Deep Neural Network architectures for Language Modeling has recently seen a tremendous increase in interest in the field of NLP with the advent of transfer learning and the shift in focus from rule-based and predictive models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Octavia-Maria Sulea , Steve Young

Tokenisation is a core part of language models (LMs). It involves splitting a character sequence into subwords which are assigned arbitrary indices before being served to the LM. While typically lossless, however, this process may lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Anton Schäfer , Thomas Hofmann , Imanol Schlag , Tiago Pimentel

Integrated Gradients is a well-known technique for explaining deep learning models. It calculates feature importance scores by employing a gradient based approach computing gradients of the model output with respect to input features and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Swarnava Sinha Roy , Ayan Kundu

We empirically investigate proper pre-training methods to build good visual tokenizers, making Large Language Models (LLMs) powerful Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). In our benchmark, which is curated to evaluate MLLMs visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Guangzhi Wang , Yixiao Ge , Xiaohan Ding , Mohan Kankanhalli , Ying Shan

We describe the Uppsala NLP submission to SemEval-2021 Task 2 on multilingual and cross-lingual word-in-context disambiguation. We explore the usefulness of three pre-trained multilingual language models, XLM-RoBERTa (XLMR), Multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Huiling You , Xingran Zhu , Sara Stymne