Related papers: Cyclic structure induced by load fluctuations in a…
Transport networks are crucial to the functioning of natural and technological systems. Nature features transport networks that are adaptive over a vast range of parameters, thus providing an impressive level of robustness in supply.…
The structure of networks that provide optimal transport properties has been investigated in a variety of contexts. While many different formulations of this problem have been considered, it is recurrently found that optimal networks are…
Leaf venation is a pervasive example of a complex biological network, endowing leaves with a transport system and mechanical resilience. Transport networks optimized for efficiency have been shown to be trees, i.e. loopless. However,…
This study is motivated by problems related to environmental transport on river networks. We establish statistical properties of a flow along a directed branching network and suggest its compact parameterization. The downstream network…
Biological transport networks are highly optimized structures that ensure power-efficient distribution of fluids across various domains, including animal vasculature and plant venation. Theoretically, these networks can be described as…
We investigate the structural organization of the point-to-point electric, diffusive or hydraulic transport in complex scale-free networks. The random choice of two nodes, a source and a drain, to which a potential difference is applied,…
Transportation and distribution networks are a class of spatial networks that have been of interest in recent years. These networks are often characterized by the presence of complex structures such as central loops paired with peripheral…
The model by Hu and Cai [Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 111(13) (2013)] describes the self-organization of vascular networks for transport of fluids from source to sinks. Diameters, and thereby conductances, of vessel segments evolve so as to…
Network routing approaches are widely used to study the evolution in time of self-adapting systems. However, few advances have been made for problems where adaptation is governed by time-dependent inputs. In this work we study a dynamical…
Adaptive transport networks in biological and physical systems exhibit hierarchical organization, characteristic channel spacing, and robust scaling relations. Existing adaptive network models, formulated on a lattice, successfully…
Inspired by studies on the airports' network and the physical Internet, we propose a general model of weighted networks via an optimization principle. The topology of the optimal network turns out to be a spanning tree that minimizes a…
Most complex networks serve as conduits for various dynamical processes, ranging from mass transfer by chemical reactions in the cell to packet transfer on the Internet. We collected data on the time dependent activity of five natural and…
Highly-optimized complex transport networks serve crucial functions in many man-made and natural systems such as power grids and plant or animal vasculature. Often, the relevant optimization functional is non-convex and characterized by…
Both natural and engineered supply networks exhibit universal structural patterns, such as the formation of loops, yet the principles governing optimal structures remain unclear. These patterns can be interpreted as solutions of…
Maximizing robustness and minimizing cost are common objectives in the design of infrastructure networks. However, most infrastructure networks evolve and operate in a highly decentralized fashion, which may significantly impact the…
80% of all Renewable Energy Power in Germany is installed in tree-like distribution grids. Intermittent power fluctuations from such sources introduce new dynamics into the lower grid layers. At the same time, distributed resources will…
A non-local model describing the growth of a tree-like transportation network with given allocation rules is proposed. In this model we focus on tree like networks, and the network transports the very resource it needs to build itself. Some…
Adaptive transport networks are known to contain loops when subject to hydrodynamic fluctuations. However, fluctuations are no guarantee that a loop will form, as shown by loop-free networks driven by oscillating flows. We provide a…
Network flows often exhibit a hierarchical tree-like structure that can be attributed to the minimisation of dissipation. The common feature of such systems is a single source and multiple sinks (or vice versa). In contrast, here we study…
Dynamic trees are mixtures of tree structured belief networks. They solve some of the problems of fixed tree networks at the cost of making exact inference intractable. For this reason approximate methods such as sampling or mean field…