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Fault-tolerant quantum computation using two-dimensional topological quantum error correcting codes can benefit from multi-qubit long-range operations. By using simple commutation rules, a quantum circuit can be transpiled into a sequence…

We present a fault-tolerant universal quantum computing architecture based on a code concatenation of biased-noise qubits and the parity architecture. The parity architecture can be understood as an LDPC code tailored specifically to obtain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Anette Messinger , Valentin Torggler , Berend Klaver , Michael Fellner , Wolfgang Lechner

Fault-tolerant operations based on stabilizer codes are the state of the art in suppressing error rates in quantum computations. Most such codes do not permit a straightforward implementation of non-Clifford logical operations, which are…

For planar architectures surface code-based quantum error correction is one of the most promising approaches to fault-tolerant quantum computation. This is partially due to the variety of fault-tolerant logical protocols that can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Áron Márton , Luis Colmenarez , Lukas Bödeker , Markus Müller

In order to build a scalable quantum computer error correction will be required to reduce the impact of errors. Implementing error correction in the framework of measurement based computation manifests itself as the construction of fault…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-24 Naomi Nickerson , Héctor Bombín

Quantum simulations of Lattice Gauge Theories (LGTs) are often formulated on an enlarged Hilbert space containing both physical and unphysical sectors in order to retain a local Hamiltonian. We provide simple fault-tolerant procedures that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-21 Abhishek Rajput , Alessandro Roggero , Nathan Wiebe

We propose a scheme for quantum computation in optical lattices. The qubits are encoded in the spacial wavefunction of the atoms such that spin decoherence does not influence the computation. Quantum operations are steered by shaking the…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2012-05-22 Philipp-Immanuel Schneider , Alejandro Saenz

Majorana-based quantum computation in nanowires and neutral atoms has gained prominence as a promising platform to encode qubits and protect them against noise. In order to run computations reliably on such devices, a fully fault-tolerant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Maryam Mudassar , Alexander Schuckert , Daniel Gottesman

The construction of topological error correction codes requires the ability to fabricate a lattice of physical qubits embedded on a manifold with a non-trivial topology such that the quantum information is encoded in the global degrees of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-18 James M. Auger , Hussain Anwar , Mercedes Gimeno-Segovia , Thomas M. Stace , Dan E. Browne

Given a quantum gate circuit, how does one execute it in a fault-tolerant architecture with as little overhead as possible? In this paper, we discuss strategies for surface-code quantum computing on small, intermediate and large scales.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-07 Daniel Litinski

We identify gauge freedoms in quantum error correction (QEC) codes and introduce strategies for optimal control algorithms to find the gauges which allow the easiest experimental realization. Hereby, the optimal gauge depends on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-06 V. Nebendahl

Magic states are a foundational resource for universal quantum computation. To survive in a realistic noisy environment, magic states must be prepared fault-tolerantly and protected by a quantum error-correcting code. The recent discovery…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Dominic J. Williamson

Fast, reliable logical operations are essential for realizing useful quantum computers. By redundantly encoding logical qubits into many physical qubits and using syndrome measurements to detect and correct errors, one can achieve low…

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for scalable quantum computing. However, it requires classical decoders that are fast and accurate enough to keep pace with quantum hardware. While quantum low-density parity-check codes have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Andi Gu , J. Pablo Bonilla Ataides , Mikhail D. Lukin , Susanne F. Yelin

We establish the connection between a recent new construction technique for quantum error correcting codes, based on graphs, and the so-called stabilizer codes: Each stabilizer code can be realized as a graph code and vice versa.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Schlingemann

Defect-adaptive surface-code methods have substantially advanced the construction of valid logical patches on imperfect hardware, but fault-tolerant computation also requires executable logical oper ations on the resulting irregular…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 GunSik Min , Yujin Kang , Jun Heo

Typical stabilizer codes aim to solve the general problem of fault-tolerance without regard for the structure of a specific system. By incorporating a broader representation-theoretic perspective, we provide a generalized framework that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Zachary P. Bradshaw , Margarite L. LaBorde , Dillon Montero

Simulations of lattice gauge theories on noisy quantum hardware inherently suffer from violations of the gauge symmetry due to coherent and incoherent errors of the underlying physical system that implements the simulation. These gauge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-03 Tobias Schmale , Hendrik Weimer

Quantum computers require error correction to achieve universal quantum computing. However, current decoding of quantum error-correcting codes relies on classical computation, which is slower than quantum operations in superconducting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-11 Pan Zhang

Recent advances in quantum error-correction (QEC) have shown that it is often beneficial to understand fault-tolerance as a dynamical process, a circuit with redundant measurements that help correct errors, rather than as a static code…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Arthur Pesah , Austin K. Daniel , Ilan Tzitrin , Michael Vasmer