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Measurements of microscale surface patterns are essential for process and quality control in industries across semiconductors, micro-machining, and biomedicines. However, the development of miniaturized and intelligent profiling systems…
Programmable photonic quantum processors face a critical challenge: despite significant advances in quantum state preparation and manipulation, measurements remain limited to projective techniques. Here, we demonstrate a programmable…
On-chip optical interconnect has been widely accepted as a promising technology to realize future large-scale multiprocessors. Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) provides a new degree of freedom for optical interconnects to dramatically…
Photonic integrated circuits utilize various waveguide materials, each excelling in specific metrics like efficient light emission, low propagation loss, high electro-optic efficiency, and potential for mass production. Inherent…
Electro-optical modulators are essential components in optical communication systems. They encode an electrical waveform onto an optical carrier. However, their performance is often limited by inherent electro-optic processes and…
Reconfigurable quantum circuits are fundamental building blocks for the implementation of scalable quantum technologies. Their implementation has been pursued in linear optics through the engineering of sophisticated interferometers. While…
Random matrices are fundamental in photonic computing because of their ability to model and enhance complex light interactions and signal processing capabilities. In manipulating classical light, random operations are utilized for random…
Multi-mode optical interferometers represent the most viable platforms for the successful implementation of several quantum information schemes that take advantage of optical processing. Examples range from quantum communication, sensing…
The successful development of future photonic quantum technologies heavily depends on the possibility of realizing robust, reliable and, crucially, scalable nanophotonic devices. In integrated networks, quantum emitters can be deployed as…
Optical networks with parallel processing capabilities are significant in advancing high-speed data computing and large-scale data processing by providing ultra-width computational bandwidth. In this paper, we present a photonic integrated…
Harnessing nonlinear optical effects in a photonic chip scale has been proven useful for a number of key applications in optical communications. Microwave photonics can also benefit from the adoption of such a technology, creating a new…
Arbitrary linear transformations are of crucial importance in a plethora of photonic applications spanning classical signal processing, communication systems, quantum information processing and machine learning. Here, we present a new…
Programmable linear optical interferometers are a core primitive in optical signal processing, quantum information processing, and photonic computing. Existing photonic-integrated implementations realize arbitrary $M$-mode unitaries using…
Today, continued miniaturization in electronic integrated circuits (ICs) appears to have reached its fundamental limit. At the same time, energy consumption due by communication becomes the dominant limitation in high performance electronic…
The switching and control of optical fields based on nonlinear optical effects are often limited to relatively weak nonlinear susceptibility and strong optical pump fields. Here, an optical medium with programmable susceptibility tensor…
The rapid growth of artificial intelligence, coupled with the slowing of Moore's law, is straining computing infrastructure, as CMOS electronics face inherent limits in bandwidth, energy efficiency, and parallelism. Integrated photonic…
The inverse design of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) presents distinctive computational challenges, including their large memory requirements. Advancements in the two-photon polymerization (2PP) fabrication process introduce additional…
Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are attractive platforms to perform large-scale quantum information processing. While highly-functional PICs (e.g. silicon based photonic-circuits) and high-performance single photon sources (SPSs, e.g.…
Quantum optics plays a crucial role in developing quantum computers on different platforms. In photonics, precise control over light's degrees of freedom, including discrete variables (polarization, photon number, orbital angular momentum)…
Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with rapid prototyping and reprogramming capabilities promise revolutionary impacts on a plethora of photonic technologies. Here, we report direct-write and rewritable photonic circuits on a low-loss…