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Retrieval augmentation has become an effective solution to empower large language models (LLMs) with external and verified knowledge sources from the database, which overcomes the limitations and hallucinations of LLMs in handling…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Tong Wu , Yulei Qin , Enwei Zhang , Zihan Xu , Yuting Gao , Ke Li , Xing Sun

Achieving natural full-duplex interaction in spoken dialogue systems (SDS) remains a challenge due to the difficulty of accurately detecting user interruptions. Current solutions are polarized between "trigger-happy" VAD-based methods that…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Kangxiang Xia , Bingshen Mu , Xian Shi , Jin Xu , Lei Xie

Modern toxic speech detectors are incompetent in recognizing disguised offensive language, such as adversarial attacks that deliberately avoid known toxic lexicons, or manifestations of implicit bias. Building a large annotated dataset for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Xiaochuang Han , Yulia Tsvetkov

Autoregressive language models are vulnerable to orthographic attacks, where input text is perturbed with characters from multilingual alphabets, leading to substantial performance degradation. This vulnerability primarily stems from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Han Yang , Jian Lan , Yihong Liu , Hinrich Schütze , Thomas Seidl

This work proposes a novel algorithm to generate natural language adversarial input for text classification models, in order to investigate the robustness of these models. It involves applying gradient-based perturbation on the sentence…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Yu-Lun Hsieh , Minhao Cheng , Da-Cheng Juan , Wei Wei , Wen-Lian Hsu , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Speech Language Models (SLMs) enable natural interactions via spoken instructions, which more effectively capture user intent by detecting nuances in speech. The richer speech signal introduces new security risks compared to text-based…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-17 Amirbek Djanibekov , Nurdaulet Mukhituly , Kentaro Inui , Hanan Aldarmaki , Nils Lukas

Vector representations of sentences, trained on massive text corpora, are widely used as generic sentence embeddings across a variety of NLP problems. The learned representations are generally assumed to be continuous and real-valued,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Dinghan Shen , Pengyu Cheng , Dhanasekar Sundararaman , Xinyuan Zhang , Qian Yang , Meng Tang , Asli Celikyilmaz , Lawrence Carin

The use of short text messages in social media and instant messaging has become a popular communication channel during the last years. This rising popularity has caused an increment in messaging threats such as spam, phishing or malware as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-08-19 Alejandro Mosquera , Lamine Aouad , Slawomir Grzonkowski , Dylan Morss

The phenomenal growth on the internet has helped in empowering individual's expressions, but the misuse of freedom of expression has also led to the increase of various cyber crimes and anti-social activities. Hate speech is one such issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Prashant Kapil , Asif Ekbal , Dipankar Das

The rapid spread of media content synthesis technology and the potentially damaging impact of audio and video deepfakes on people's lives have raised the need to implement systems able to detect these forgeries automatically. In this work…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Luigi Attorresi , Davide Salvi , Clara Borrelli , Paolo Bestagini , Stefano Tubaro

The count of people suffering from various levels of hearing loss reached 1.57 billion in 2019. This huge number tends to suffer on many personal and professional levels and strictly needs to be included with the rest of society healthily.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-20 Basma Kalandar , Ziemowit Dworakowski

Silent speech interfaces (SSI) are being actively developed to assist individuals with communication impairments who have long suffered from daily hardships and a reduced quality of life. However, silent sentences are difficult to segment…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yudong Xie , Zhifeng Han , Qinfan Xiao , Liwei Liang , Lu-Qi Tao , Tian-Ling Ren

Word embeddings are widely used in Natural Language Processing, mainly due to their success in capturing semantic information from massive corpora. However, their creation process does not allow the different meanings of a word to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-22 Massimiliano Mancini , Jose Camacho-Collados , Ignacio Iacobacci , Roberto Navigli

The proliferation of hate speech on social media necessitates automated detection systems that balance accuracy with computational efficiency. This study evaluates 38 model configurations in detecting hate speech across datasets ranging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Mahmoud Abusaqer , Jamil Saquer , Hazim Shatnawi

Emotional Voice Messages (EMOVOME) is a spontaneous speech dataset containing 999 audio messages from real conversations on a messaging app from 100 Spanish speakers, gender balanced. Voice messages were produced in-the-wild conditions…

We evaluate how effectively platform-level parental controls moderate a mainstream conversational assistant used by minors. Our two-phase protocol first builds a category-balanced conversation corpus via PAIR-style iterative prompt…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Kerem Ersoz , Saleh Afroogh , David Atkinson , Junfeng Jiao

Embodied Artificial Intelligence (AI) promises to handle edge cases in robotic vehicle systems where data is scarce by using common-sense reasoning grounded in perception and action to generalize beyond training distributions and adapt to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Luis Burbano , Diego Ortiz , Qi Sun , Siwei Yang , Haoqin Tu , Cihang Xie , Yinzhi Cao , Alvaro A Cardenas

The sophisticated sense of touch of the human hand significantly contributes to our ability to safely, efficiently, and dexterously manipulate arbitrary objects in our environment. Robotic and prosthetic devices lack refined, tactile…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Xiaying Wang , Fabian Geiger , Vlad Niculescu , Michele Magno , Luca Benini

We propose augmenting the empathetic capacities of social robots by integrating non-verbal cues. Our primary contribution is the design and labeling of four types of empathetic non-verbal cues, abbreviated as SAFE: Speech, Action (gesture),…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Yoon Kyung Lee , Yoonwon Jung , Gyuyi Kang , Sowon Hahn

Adversarial attacks pose a threat to deep learning models. However, research on adversarial detection methods, especially in the multi-modal domain, is very limited. In this work, we propose an efficient and straightforward detection method…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Pingchuan Ma , Stavros Petridis , Maja Pantic