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Activation functions play a decisive role in determining the capacity of Deep Neural Networks as they enable neural networks to capture inherent nonlinearities present in data fed to them. The prior research on activation functions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Jamshaid Ul Rahman , Faiza Makhdoom , Dianchen Lu

One of the distinguishing characteristics of modern deep learning systems is that they typically employ neural network architectures that utilize enormous numbers of parameters, often in the millions and sometimes even in the billions.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-15 Ben Adlam , Jake Levinson , Jeffrey Pennington

In this paper we propose a generalization of deep neural networks called deep function machines (DFMs). DFMs act on vector spaces of arbitrary (possibly infinite) dimension and we show that a family of DFMs are invariant to the dimension of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-08 William H. Guss

The permeability of complex porous materials can be obtained via direct flow simulation, which provides the most accurate results, but is very computationally expensive. In particular, the simulation convergence time scales poorly as…

The paper briefy reviews several recent results on hierarchical architectures for learning from examples, that may formally explain the conditions under which Deep Convolutional Neural Networks perform much better in function approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-12 Hrushikesh Mhaskar , Tomaso Poggio

While deep learning is successful in a number of applications, it is not yet well understood theoretically. A satisfactory theoretical characterization of deep learning however, is beginning to emerge. It covers the following questions: 1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Tomaso Poggio , Andrzej Banburski , Qianli Liao

In the desire to quantify the success of neural networks in deep learning and other applications, there is a great interest in understanding which functions are efficiently approximated by the outputs of neural networks. By now, there…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are often prone to learn the spurious correlations between target classes and bias attributes, like gender and race, inherent in a major portion of training data (bias-aligned samples), thus showing unfair…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Mei Wang , Weihong Deng , Jiani Hu , Sen Su

This work attempts to address two fundamental questions about the structure of the convolutional neural networks (CNN): 1) why a non-linear activation function is essential at the filter output of every convolutional layer? 2) what is the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-04 C. -C. Jay Kuo

Deep neural networks have consistently shown great performance in several real-world use cases like autonomous vehicles, satellite imaging, etc., effectively leveraging large corpora of labeled training data. However, learning unbiased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Nathan Beck , Suraj Kothawade , Pradeep Shenoy , Rishabh Iyer

Neural Networks (NN) with ReLU activation functions are used to model multiparametric quadratic optimization problems (mp-QP) in diverse engineering applications. Researchers have suggested leveraging the piecewise affine property of deep…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-31 Fuat Can Beylunioglu , Mehrdad Pirnia , P. Robert Duimering

Advancements in artificial intelligence call for a deeper understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying deep learning. In this work, we propose a theoretical framework to analyze learning dynamics through the lens of dynamical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yuchen Lin , Yong Zhang , Sihan Feng , Hong Zhao

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have emerged as key enablers of machine learning. Applying larger DNNs to more diverse applications is an important challenge. The computations performed during DNN training and inference are dominated by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-17 Jeremy Kepner , Vijay Gadepally , Hayden Jananthan , Lauren Milechin , Sid Samsi

Deep Operator Networks (DeepONets) and their physics-informed variants have shown significant promise in learning mappings between function spaces of partial differential equations, enhancing the generalization of traditional neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Milad Ramezankhani , Anirudh Deodhar , Rishi Yash Parekh , Dagnachew Birru

Certifiable robustness is a highly desirable property for adopting deep neural networks (DNNs) in safety-critical scenarios, but often demands tedious computations to establish. The main hurdle lies in the massive amount of non-linearity in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Tianlong Chen , Huan Zhang , Zhenyu Zhang , Shiyu Chang , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen , Zhangyang Wang

Large-scale deep learning models are well-suited for compression. Across a variety of tasks, methods like pruning, quantization, and knowledge distillation have been used to achieve massive reductions in model parameters with only marginal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Pedram Bakhtiarifard , Tong Chen , Jonathan Wenshøj , Erik B Dam , Raghavendra Selvan

Deep neural networks have emerged as a widely used and effective means for tackling complex, real-world problems. However, a major obstacle in applying them to safety-critical systems is the great difficulty in providing formal guarantees…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-22 Guy Katz , Clark Barrett , David Dill , Kyle Julian , Mykel Kochenderfer

Deep learning is recognized to be capable of discovering deep features for representation learning and pattern recognition without requiring elegant feature engineering techniques by taking advantage of human ingenuity and prior knowledge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Zhi Han , Siquan Yu , Shao-Bo Lin , Ding-Xuan Zhou

Analyzing the worst-case performance of deep neural networks against input perturbations amounts to solving a large-scale non-convex optimization problem, for which several past works have proposed convex relaxations as a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Shaoru Chen , Eric Wong , J. Zico Kolter , Mahyar Fazlyab

We connect a large class of Generative Deep Networks (GDNs) with spline operators in order to derive their properties, limitations, and new opportunities. By characterizing the latent space partition, dimension and angularity of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-28 Randall Balestriero , Sebastien Paris , Richard Baraniuk