Related papers: Learning differentially reorganizes brain activity…
Experimental fMRI studies have shown that spontaneous brain activity i.e. in the absence of any external input, exhibit complex spatial and temporal patterns of co-activity between segregated brain regions. These so-called large-scale…
At the macroscale, the brain operates as a network of interconnected neuronal populations, which display rhythmic dynamics that support interareal communication. Understanding how stimulation of a particular brain area impacts such…
A hallmark of human intelligence is the ability to adapt to new situations, by applying learned rules to new content (systematicity) and thereby enabling an open-ended number of inferences and actions (generativity). Here, we propose that…
Background: The brain's functional network constantly adapts to external changes. However, the mechanisms underlying this dynamic adaptive behavior in stroke patients with motor injuries and its role in post-stroke motor recovery remain…
The brain modifies its synaptic strengths during learning in order to better adapt to its environment. However, the underlying plasticity rules that govern learning are unknown. Many proposals have been suggested, including Hebbian…
Degeneration and adaptation are two competing sides of the same coin called resilience in the progressive processes of brain aging or diseases. Degeneration accumulates during brain aging and other cerebral activities, causing structural…
The human brains are organized into hierarchically modular networks facilitating efficient and stable information processing and supporting diverse cognitive processes during the course of development. While the remarkable reconfiguration…
Most humans have the good fortune to live their lives embedded in richly structured social groups. Yet, it remains unclear how humans acquire knowledge about these social structures to successfully navigate social relationships. Here we…
In order to understand the complex cognitive functions of the human brain, it is essential to study the structural connectome, i.e., the wiring of different brain regions to each other through axonal pathways. However, the high degree of…
Deep artificial neural networks famously struggle to learn from non-stationary streams of data. Without dedicated mitigation strategies, continual learning is associated with continuous forgetting of previous tasks and a progressive loss of…
The human brain is highly adaptive: its functional connectivity reconfigures on multiple timescales during cognition and learning, enabling flexible information processing. By contrast, artificial neural networks typically rely on…
Brain decoding involves the determination of a subject's cognitive state or an associated stimulus from functional neuroimaging data measuring brain activity. In this setting the cognitive state is typically characterized by an element of a…
Cognitive effort, defined as the relationship between cognitive load and task performance, provides insight into how individuals allocate mental resources during demanding tasks. This construct is particularly important in high-stakes…
Human learning relies on specialization -- distinct cognitive mechanisms working together to enable rapid learning. In contrast, most modern neural networks rely on a single mechanism: gradient descent over an objective function. This…
Human cognition is supported by brain structural connectivity wherein weak connectivity with weights several orders of magnitude smaller than those of strong connectivity, has been treated as noise and ignored from analysis over a long…
Spiking activity of neurons engaged in learning and performing a task show complex spatiotemporal dynamics. While the output of recurrent network models can learn to perform various tasks, the possible range of recurrent dynamics that…
It takes several years for the developing brain of a baby to fully master word repetition-the task of hearing a word and repeating it aloud. Repeating a new word, such as from a new language, can be a challenging task also for adults.…
Large-scale white matter pathways crisscrossing the cortex create a complex pattern of connectivity that underlies human cognitive function. Generative mechanisms for this architecture have been difficult to identify in part because little…
Human memory -- the learning of new information involves changes at the synaptic level between neurons dedicated for storage of in-formation. Generally, memory is classified as Long-Term Memory and Short-Term Memory. The various types of…
The brain is an assembly of neuronal populations interconnected by structural pathways. Brain activity is expressed on and constrained by this substrate. Therefore, statistical dependencies between functional signals in directly connected…