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Neural networks now generate text, images, and speech with billions of parameters, producing a need to know how each neural unit contributes to these high-dimensional outputs. Existing explainable-AI methods, such as SHAP, attribute…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Shrey Dixit , Kayson Fakhar , Fatemeh Hadaeghi , Patrick Mineault , Konrad P. Kording , Claus C. Hilgetag

This paper has a two-folded purpose. First, we attempt to outline the development of the turnpike theorems in the the last several decades. Second, we study turnpike theorems in finite-horizon two-person zero-sum Markov games on a general…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-06-19 Vassili Kolokoltsov , Wei Yang

A variety of recent papers discuss the application of Shapley values, a concept for explaining coalitional games, for feature attribution in machine learning. However, the correct way to connect a machine learning model to a coalitional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Hugh Chen , Joseph D. Janizek , Scott Lundberg , Su-In Lee

While preference modelling is becoming one of the pillars of machine learning, the problem of preference explanation remains challenging and underexplored. In this paper, we propose \textsc{Pref-SHAP}, a Shapley value-based model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-09 Robert Hu , Siu Lun Chau , Jaime Ferrando Huertas , Dino Sejdinovic

This paper has a twofold scope. The first one is to clarify and put in evidence the isomorphic character of two theories developed in quite different fields: on one side, threshold logic, on the other side, simple games. One of the main…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-07-10 Josep Freixas , Marc Freixas , Sascha Kurz

Explainability in yield prediction helps us fully explore the potential of machine learning models that are already able to achieve high accuracy for a variety of yield prediction scenarios. The data included for the prediction of yields…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Florian Huber , Hannes Engler , Anna Kicherer , Katja Herzog , Reinhard Töpfer , Volker Steinhage

In spite of increased attention on explainable machine learning models, explaining multi-output predictions has not yet been extensively addressed. Methods that use Shapley values to attribute feature contributions to the decision making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Célia Wafa Ayad , Thomas Bonnier , Benjamin Bosch , Jesse Read

Every weighted tree corresponds naturally to a cooperative game that we call a "tree game"; it assigns to each subset of leaves the sum of the weights of the minimal subtree spanned by those leaves. In the context of phylogenetic trees, the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2009-09-02 Claus-Jochen Haake , Akemi Kashiwada , Francis Edward Su

In this article, we provide an axiomatic characterization of feature attribution for multi-output predictors within the Shapley framework. While SHAP explanations are routinely computed independently for each output coordinate, the…

The Shapley value is one of the most widely used measures of feature importance partly as it measures a feature's average effect on a model's prediction. We introduce joint Shapley values, which directly extend Shapley's axioms and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-11 Chris Harris , Richard Pymar , Colin Rowat

Existing methods of explainable AI and interpretable ML cannot explain change in the values of an output variable for a statistical unit in terms of the change in the input values and the change in the "mechanism" (the function transforming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Kailash Budhathoki , George Michailidis , Dominik Janzing

We study a class of probabilistic cooperative games which can be treated as an extension of the classical cooperative games with transferable utilities. The coalitions have an exogenous probability of being realized. This probability…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-08-08 Surajit Borkotokey , Sujata Gowala , Rajnish Kumar

This dissertation highlights connections between the fields of neural networks, game theory and time series generation. The concept of antipredictability is explained, and the properties of time series that are antipredictable for several…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Richard Metzler

In this manuscript, we define and study probabilistic values for cooperative games on simplicial complexes. Inspired by the work of Weber "Probabilistic values for games", we establish the new theory step by step, following the classical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-17 Ivan Martino

The purpose of this paper is to provide a complete probabilistic analysis of a large class of stochastic differential games for which the interaction between the players is of mean-field type. We implement the Mean-Field Games strategy…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-10-23 Rene Carmona , Francois Delarue

The Shapley value, originating from cooperative game theory, has been employed to define responsibility measures that quantify the contributions of database facts to obtaining a given query answer. For non-numeric queries, this is done by…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Meghyn Bienvenu , Diego Figueira , Pierre Lafourcade

In this paper, we propose and analyse two game theoretical models useful to design marketing channels attribution mechanisms based on cooperative TU games and bankruptcy problems, respectively. First, we analyse the Sum Game, a coalitional…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-12-03 Elisenda Molina , Juan Tejada , Tom Weiss

In this research, we discuss a problem of calculating the Shapley value in bankruptcy games. We show that the decision problem of computing the Shapley value in bankruptcy games is NP-complete. We also investigate the relationship between…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Shunta Yamazaki , Tomomi Matsui

Shapley value is originally a concept in econometrics to fairly distribute both gains and costs to players in a coalition game. In the recent decades, its application has been extended to other areas such as marketing, engineering and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-19 Liuqing Yang , Yongdao Zhou , Haoda Fu , Min-Qian Liu , Wei Zheng

Causality and game theory are two influential fields that contribute significantly to decision-making in various domains. Causality defines and models causal relationships in complex policy problems, while game theory provides insights into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Maarten C. Vonk , Mauricio Gonzalez Soto , Anna V. Kononova
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